In Exercises 81-90, a. Are the sets equivalent? Explain. b. Are the sets equal? Explain. A = { x | x ∈ N and 100 ≤ x ≤ 105 } B = { x | x ∈ N and 99 < x < 106 }
In Exercises 81-90, a. Are the sets equivalent? Explain. b. Are the sets equal? Explain. A = { x | x ∈ N and 100 ≤ x ≤ 105 } B = { x | x ∈ N and 99 < x < 106 }
Solution Summary: The author explains that two sets are equal if they have the same number of elements. Set A contains all those natural numbers that are greater than 100 and less than 105.
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Question 1:
If a barometer were built using oil (p = 0.92 g/cm³) instead of mercury (p =
13.6 g/cm³), would the column of oil be higher than, lower than, or the same as the
column of mercury at 1.00 atm? If the level is different, by what factor? Explain. (5 pts)
Solution:
A barometer works based on the principle that the pressure exerted by the liquid column
balances atmospheric pressure. The pressure is given by:
P = pgh
Since the atmospheric pressure remains constant (P = 1.00 atm), the height of the
liquid column is inversely proportional to its density:
Step 1: Given Data
PHg
hol=hgx
Poil
• Density of mercury: PHg = 13.6 g/cm³
Density of oil: Poil = 0.92 g/cm³
• Standard height of mercury at 1.00 atm: hμg
Step 2: Compute Height of Oil
= 760 mm = 0.760 m
13.6
hoil
= 0.760 x
0.92
hoil
= 0.760 × 14.78
hoil
= 11.23 m
Step 3: Compare Heights
Since oil is less dense than mercury, the column of oil must be much taller than that of
mercury. The factor by which it is taller is:
Final…
Question 3:
A sealed flask at room temperature contains a mixture of neon (Ne) and nitrogen (N2)
gases.
Ne has a mass of 3.25 g and exerts a pressure of 48.2 torr.
.
N2 contributes a pressure of 142 torr.
• What is the mass of the N2 in the flask?
• Atomic mass of Ne = 20.1797 g/mol
• Atomic mass of N = 14.0067 g/mol
Solution:
We will use the Ideal Gas Law to determine the number of moles of each gas and
calculate the mass of N2.
PV = nRT
where:
• P = total pressure
•
V volume of the flask (same for both gases)
n = number of moles of gas
•
R 0.0821 L atm/mol K
• T = Room temperature (assume 298 K)
Since both gases are in the same flask, their partial pressures correspond to their mole
fractions.
Step 1: Convert Pressures to Atmospheres
48.2
PNe
= 0.0634 atm
760
142
PN2
=
= 0.1868 atm
760
Step 2: Determine Moles of Ne
nNe =
mass
molar mass
3.25
nNe
20.1797
nne 0.1611 mol
Step 3: Use Partial Pressure Ratio to Find n
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