WHAT IS LIFE? ACHIEVE 1 TERM ACCESS CODE
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781319516116
Author: PHELAN
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 21, Problem 7MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Organisms that regulate their internal environment have a set point for their internal conditions.
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give two examples of feedback mechanisms in the human body. identify the type of feedback (negative or positive), the receptor, the control center and effector.
Give an example of a feedback mechanism in the human body. Explain your example briefly. Make sure to identify the type of feedback (negative or positive), the receptor, the control center and the effector.
Define homeostasis. What happens when homeostasis fails?
List the three basic components of a control system and give an example.
Describe the components of a reflex pathway. Contrast the response loop and the feedback loop.
Explain the relationship between a regulated physiological variable and its setpoint. Is the physiological variable
exactly at its setpoint?
Compare and contrast negative and positive feedback. Give a biological example of each.
Is the setpoint constant or can it change over time? If setpoints can change over time, what is this called?
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WHAT IS LIFE? ACHIEVE 1 TERM ACCESS CODE
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- In describing a positive feedback loop, which of the following would be true? a) the sensor and control center are always the same b) the effector signals the control center to shut off the initial stimulus c) the effect shuts off the initial stimulus d) the effect amplifies the initial stimuarrow_forwardWhich of the following is incorrect?a. Equilibrium requires a constant input of energy.b. Positive feedback is less common in nature than negative feedback.c. Homeostasis does not imply that a given variable is unchanging.d. Fever is an example of resetting a set point.e. Efferent pathways carry information away from the integrating center of a reflex arc.arrow_forwardAside from the ones already discussed about childbirth and blood pressure give another example of the feedback mechanism in the human body.Explain your answer briefly by filling out Table B. Table A is given as a patternarrow_forward
- 1) As a physiologist, which of the following terms should you immediately associate with negative feedback regulation? Answer choices Constancy Relative constancy Relative constancy in interstitial fluid Relative constancy in intracellular fluid 2) Which of the following is true about physiological set-points? Answer choices They act as the integrating center in a negative feedback arc They represent the internal environment They are determined by the actions of the receptors and integrating centers They are constant They act as the effector in a negative feedback arc 3) What is the general purpose of negative feedback mechanisms? Answer choice a. to maintain a constant internal environment b. To anticipate changes in the environment c. To return a variable to its set-point d. To bring about the rapid change of a variable e. To detect changes in the external environmentarrow_forwardA self-amplifying chain of physiologicalevents is calleda. positive feedback.b. negative feedback.c. dynamic constancy.d. homeostasis.e. metabolism.arrow_forwardExplain why stabilizing mechanisms are called negative feedback.arrow_forward
- You have to identify the following:1. The negative feedback condition/mechanism2. The four components of a negative feedbackloop:A. stimulusB. sensorC. control centerD. effector3. Explain what would happen to eachcomponent if a secretion became too great.arrow_forwardDescribe how blood sugar (e.g. glucose plasma concentration) is regulated with the hormones, insulin, and glucagon. For this feedback loop, identify the following components of the feedback loop: stimulus, receptor, control center, efferent pathway, effector, and response. Be comfortable with this feedback loop to be able to describe the effects of changing various components of the feedback loop.arrow_forwardA behavioral physiologist is studying the homeostatic control of blood pH. In a trial, a lizard runs on a treadmill for a set amount of time and the blood pH is measured. The blood pH drops as carbon dioxide is released into the bloodstream. Which component of the homeostatic feedback system is responsible for determining if the blood pH is far enough from normal that a response is necessary? Sensor Effector Assimilator Integratorarrow_forward
- The fight-or-flight reaction prepares an animal to Pesponu Lu a threatening situation, by either fighting or running away. One aspect of this response is changes in blood flow such that the skeletal muscles and heart receive higher blood flow (vessels dilate) while digestive organs receive less (vessels constrict). A) Which signal molecule(s) is/are involved in this response, and how do they produce these changes in blood vessels? Briefly explain how this example illustrates how different cells are able to use the same ligands in different ways.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is a way that the body determines how much of a certain chemical, protein, enzyme, or response is needed to maintain homeostasis? A. Resource limitation, B. Feedback inhibition, C. Kickback inhibition, D. Signal looparrow_forwardCell signaling a. Epinephrine can cause either vasodilation or vasoconstriction, depending on the specific type of adrenergic receptor that it activates. b. Alpha-bungarotoxin is a snake toxin that specifically targets the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. c. Upon activation by insulin, the insulin receptor directly phosphorylates substrate proteins. d. Both a) and b) are correct and c) is incorrect e. Statements a), b) and c) are all correctarrow_forward
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