The reagents that are used to make the given compound of aldol condensation have to be found. Concept Introduction: Retro synthetic analysis: It is the analysis of the synthetic starting materials for a given compound through its precursors or fragments which are known as synthons. The synthons can be obtained by logical cleavage of the chemical bonds in the compounds. The resulted synthons will be therefore known as logical synthons. Crossed aldol condensation: Crossed aldol condensation reaction occurs, when an aldehyde and a ketone are heated in aqueous sodium hydroxide. The resulted product will be an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone that forms through elimination of water. The basic reagent NaOH gives a suitable environment for the reactants to involve in the condensation reaction. General scheme: Retro aldol analysis: To obtain the reactants of the given aldol product, the alpha beta unsaturated bond has to be cleaved using water molecule as shown here:

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 63PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagents that are used to make the given compound of aldol condensation have to be found.

Concept Introduction:

Retro synthetic analysis:

It is the analysis of the synthetic starting materials for a given compound through its precursors or fragments which are known as synthons. The synthons can be obtained by logical cleavage of the chemical bonds in the compounds. The resulted synthons will be therefore known as logical synthons.

Crossed aldol condensation:

Crossed aldol condensation reaction occurs, when an aldehyde and a ketone are heated in aqueous sodium hydroxide. The resulted product will be an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone that forms through elimination of water. The basic reagent NaOH gives a suitable environment for the reactants to involve in the condensation reaction.

General scheme:

Retro aldol analysis:

To obtain the reactants of the given aldol product, the alpha beta unsaturated bond has to be cleaved using water molecule as shown here:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagents that are used to make the given compound of aldol condensation have to be found.

Concept Introduction:

Retro synthetic analysis:

It is the analysis of the synthetic starting materials for a given compound through its precursors or fragments which are known as synthons. The synthons can be obtained by logical cleavage of the chemical bonds in the compounds. The resulted synthons will be therefore known as logical synthons.

Crossed aldol condensation:

Crossed aldol condensation reaction occurs, when an aldehyde and a ketone are heated in aqueous sodium hydroxide. The resulted product will be an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone that forms through elimination of water. The basic reagent NaOH gives a suitable environment for the reactants to involve in the condensation reaction.

General scheme:

Retro aldol analysis:

To obtain the reactants of the given aldol product, the alpha beta unsaturated bond has to be cleaved using water molecule as shown here:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagents that are used to make the given compound of aldol condensation have to be found.

Concept Introduction:

Retro synthetic analysis:

It is the analysis of the synthetic starting materials for a given compound through its precursors or fragments which are known as synthons. The synthons can be obtained by logical cleavage of the chemical bonds in the compounds. The resulted synthons will be therefore known as logical synthons.

Crossed aldol condensation:

Crossed aldol condensation reaction occurs, when an aldehyde and a ketone are heated in aqueous sodium hydroxide. The resulted product will be an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone that forms through elimination of water. The basic reagent NaOH gives a suitable environment for the reactants to involve in the condensation reaction.

General scheme:

Retro aldol analysis:

To obtain the reactants of the given aldol product, the alpha beta unsaturated bond has to be cleaved using water molecule as shown here:

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#1. Retro-Electrochemical Reaction: A ring has been made, but the light is causing the molecule to un- cyclize. Undo the ring into all possible molecules. (2pts, no partial credit) hv

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I have a question about this problem involving mechanisms and drawing curved arrows for acids and bases. I know we need to identify the nucleophile and electrophile, but are there different types of reactions? For instance, what about Grignard reagents and other types that I might not be familiar with? Can you help me with this? I want to identify the names of the mechanisms for problems 1-14, such as Gilman reagents and others. Are they all the same? Also, could you rewrite it so I can better understand? The handwriting is pretty cluttered. Additionally, I need to label the nucleophile and electrophile, but my main concern is whether those reactions differ, like the "Brønsted-Lowry acid-base mechanism, Lewis acid-base mechanism, acid-catalyzed mechanisms, acid-catalyzed reactions, base-catalyzed reactions, nucleophilic substitution mechanisms (SN1 and SN2), elimination reactions (E1 and E2), organometallic mechanisms, and so forth."

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 63PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagents that are used to make the given compound of aldol condensation have to be found.

Concept Introduction:

Retro synthetic analysis:

It is the analysis of the synthetic starting materials for a given compound through its precursors or fragments which are known as synthons. The synthons can be obtained by logical cleavage of the chemical bonds in the compounds. The resulted synthons will be therefore known as logical synthons.

Crossed aldol condensation:

Crossed aldol condensation reaction occurs, when an aldehyde and a ketone are heated in aqueous sodium hydroxide. The resulted product will be an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone that forms through elimination of water. The basic reagent NaOH gives a suitable environment for the reactants to involve in the condensation reaction.

General scheme:

Retro aldol analysis:

To obtain the reactants of the given aldol product, the alpha beta unsaturated bond has to be cleaved using water molecule as shown here:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagents that are used to make the given compound of aldol condensation have to be found.

Concept Introduction:

Retro synthetic analysis:

It is the analysis of the synthetic starting materials for a given compound through its precursors or fragments which are known as synthons. The synthons can be obtained by logical cleavage of the chemical bonds in the compounds. The resulted synthons will be therefore known as logical synthons.

Crossed aldol condensation:

Crossed aldol condensation reaction occurs, when an aldehyde and a ketone are heated in aqueous sodium hydroxide. The resulted product will be an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone that forms through elimination of water. The basic reagent NaOH gives a suitable environment for the reactants to involve in the condensation reaction.

General scheme:

Retro aldol analysis:

To obtain the reactants of the given aldol product, the alpha beta unsaturated bond has to be cleaved using water molecule as shown here:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagents that are used to make the given compound of aldol condensation have to be found.

Concept Introduction:

Retro synthetic analysis:

It is the analysis of the synthetic starting materials for a given compound through its precursors or fragments which are known as synthons. The synthons can be obtained by logical cleavage of the chemical bonds in the compounds. The resulted synthons will be therefore known as logical synthons.

Crossed aldol condensation:

Crossed aldol condensation reaction occurs, when an aldehyde and a ketone are heated in aqueous sodium hydroxide. The resulted product will be an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone that forms through elimination of water. The basic reagent NaOH gives a suitable environment for the reactants to involve in the condensation reaction.

General scheme:

Retro aldol analysis:

To obtain the reactants of the given aldol product, the alpha beta unsaturated bond has to be cleaved using water molecule as shown here:

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 63PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagents that are used to make the given compound of aldol condensation have to be found.

Concept Introduction:

Retro synthetic analysis:

It is the analysis of the synthetic starting materials for a given compound through its precursors or fragments which are known as synthons. The synthons can be obtained by logical cleavage of the chemical bonds in the compounds. The resulted synthons will be therefore known as logical synthons.

Crossed aldol condensation:

Crossed aldol condensation reaction occurs, when an aldehyde and a ketone are heated in aqueous sodium hydroxide. The resulted product will be an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone that forms through elimination of water. The basic reagent NaOH gives a suitable environment for the reactants to involve in the condensation reaction.

General scheme:

Retro aldol analysis:

To obtain the reactants of the given aldol product, the alpha beta unsaturated bond has to be cleaved using water molecule as shown here:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagents that are used to make the given compound of aldol condensation have to be found.

Concept Introduction:

Retro synthetic analysis:

It is the analysis of the synthetic starting materials for a given compound through its precursors or fragments which are known as synthons. The synthons can be obtained by logical cleavage of the chemical bonds in the compounds. The resulted synthons will be therefore known as logical synthons.

Crossed aldol condensation:

Crossed aldol condensation reaction occurs, when an aldehyde and a ketone are heated in aqueous sodium hydroxide. The resulted product will be an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone that forms through elimination of water. The basic reagent NaOH gives a suitable environment for the reactants to involve in the condensation reaction.

General scheme:

Retro aldol analysis:

To obtain the reactants of the given aldol product, the alpha beta unsaturated bond has to be cleaved using water molecule as shown here:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagents that are used to make the given compound of aldol condensation have to be found.

Concept Introduction:

Retro synthetic analysis:

It is the analysis of the synthetic starting materials for a given compound through its precursors or fragments which are known as synthons. The synthons can be obtained by logical cleavage of the chemical bonds in the compounds. The resulted synthons will be therefore known as logical synthons.

Crossed aldol condensation:

Crossed aldol condensation reaction occurs, when an aldehyde and a ketone are heated in aqueous sodium hydroxide. The resulted product will be an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone that forms through elimination of water. The basic reagent NaOH gives a suitable environment for the reactants to involve in the condensation reaction.

General scheme:

Retro aldol analysis:

To obtain the reactants of the given aldol product, the alpha beta unsaturated bond has to be cleaved using water molecule as shown here:

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 63PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagents that are used to make the given compound of aldol condensation have to be found.

Concept Introduction:

Retro synthetic analysis:

It is the analysis of the synthetic starting materials for a given compound through its precursors or fragments which are known as synthons. The synthons can be obtained by logical cleavage of the chemical bonds in the compounds. The resulted synthons will be therefore known as logical synthons.

Crossed aldol condensation:

Crossed aldol condensation reaction occurs, when an aldehyde and a ketone are heated in aqueous sodium hydroxide. The resulted product will be an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone that forms through elimination of water. The basic reagent NaOH gives a suitable environment for the reactants to involve in the condensation reaction.

General scheme:

Retro aldol analysis:

To obtain the reactants of the given aldol product, the alpha beta unsaturated bond has to be cleaved using water molecule as shown here:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagents that are used to make the given compound of aldol condensation have to be found.

Concept Introduction:

Retro synthetic analysis:

It is the analysis of the synthetic starting materials for a given compound through its precursors or fragments which are known as synthons. The synthons can be obtained by logical cleavage of the chemical bonds in the compounds. The resulted synthons will be therefore known as logical synthons.

Crossed aldol condensation:

Crossed aldol condensation reaction occurs, when an aldehyde and a ketone are heated in aqueous sodium hydroxide. The resulted product will be an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone that forms through elimination of water. The basic reagent NaOH gives a suitable environment for the reactants to involve in the condensation reaction.

General scheme:

Retro aldol analysis:

To obtain the reactants of the given aldol product, the alpha beta unsaturated bond has to be cleaved using water molecule as shown here:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagents that are used to make the given compound of aldol condensation have to be found.

Concept Introduction:

Retro synthetic analysis:

It is the analysis of the synthetic starting materials for a given compound through its precursors or fragments which are known as synthons. The synthons can be obtained by logical cleavage of the chemical bonds in the compounds. The resulted synthons will be therefore known as logical synthons.

Crossed aldol condensation:

Crossed aldol condensation reaction occurs, when an aldehyde and a ketone are heated in aqueous sodium hydroxide. The resulted product will be an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone that forms through elimination of water. The basic reagent NaOH gives a suitable environment for the reactants to involve in the condensation reaction.

General scheme:

Retro aldol analysis:

To obtain the reactants of the given aldol product, the alpha beta unsaturated bond has to be cleaved using water molecule as shown here:

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Answer 5

Chapter 21, Problem 63PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagents that are used to make the given compound of aldol condensation have to be found.

Concept Introduction:

Retro synthetic analysis:

It is the analysis of the synthetic starting materials for a given compound through its precursors or fragments which are known as synthons. The synthons can be obtained by logical cleavage of the chemical bonds in the compounds. The resulted synthons will be therefore known as logical synthons.

Crossed aldol condensation:

Crossed aldol condensation reaction occurs, when an aldehyde and a ketone are heated in aqueous sodium hydroxide. The resulted product will be an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone that forms through elimination of water. The basic reagent NaOH gives a suitable environment for the reactants to involve in the condensation reaction.

General scheme:

Retro aldol analysis:

To obtain the reactants of the given aldol product, the alpha beta unsaturated bond has to be cleaved using water molecule as shown here:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagents that are used to make the given compound of aldol condensation have to be found.

Concept Introduction:

Retro synthetic analysis:

It is the analysis of the synthetic starting materials for a given compound through its precursors or fragments which are known as synthons. The synthons can be obtained by logical cleavage of the chemical bonds in the compounds. The resulted synthons will be therefore known as logical synthons.

Crossed aldol condensation:

Crossed aldol condensation reaction occurs, when an aldehyde and a ketone are heated in aqueous sodium hydroxide. The resulted product will be an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone that forms through elimination of water. The basic reagent NaOH gives a suitable environment for the reactants to involve in the condensation reaction.

General scheme:

Retro aldol analysis:

To obtain the reactants of the given aldol product, the alpha beta unsaturated bond has to be cleaved using water molecule as shown here:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagents that are used to make the given compound of aldol condensation have to be found.

Concept Introduction:

Retro synthetic analysis:

It is the analysis of the synthetic starting materials for a given compound through its precursors or fragments which are known as synthons. The synthons can be obtained by logical cleavage of the chemical bonds in the compounds. The resulted synthons will be therefore known as logical synthons.

Crossed aldol condensation:

Crossed aldol condensation reaction occurs, when an aldehyde and a ketone are heated in aqueous sodium hydroxide. The resulted product will be an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone that forms through elimination of water. The basic reagent NaOH gives a suitable environment for the reactants to involve in the condensation reaction.

General scheme:

Retro aldol analysis:

To obtain the reactants of the given aldol product, the alpha beta unsaturated bond has to be cleaved using water molecule as shown here:

Answer 6

Chapter 21, Problem 63PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagents that are used to make the given compound of aldol condensation have to be found.

Concept Introduction:

Retro synthetic analysis:

It is the analysis of the synthetic starting materials for a given compound through its precursors or fragments which are known as synthons. The synthons can be obtained by logical cleavage of the chemical bonds in the compounds. The resulted synthons will be therefore known as logical synthons.

Crossed aldol condensation:

Crossed aldol condensation reaction occurs, when an aldehyde and a ketone are heated in aqueous sodium hydroxide. The resulted product will be an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone that forms through elimination of water. The basic reagent NaOH gives a suitable environment for the reactants to involve in the condensation reaction.

General scheme:

Retro aldol analysis:

To obtain the reactants of the given aldol product, the alpha beta unsaturated bond has to be cleaved using water molecule as shown here:

Answer 7

Chapter 21, Problem 63PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagents that are used to make the given compound of aldol condensation have to be found.

Concept Introduction:

Retro synthetic analysis:

It is the analysis of the synthetic starting materials for a given compound through its precursors or fragments which are known as synthons. The synthons can be obtained by logical cleavage of the chemical bonds in the compounds. The resulted synthons will be therefore known as logical synthons.

Crossed aldol condensation:

Crossed aldol condensation reaction occurs, when an aldehyde and a ketone are heated in aqueous sodium hydroxide. The resulted product will be an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone that forms through elimination of water. The basic reagent NaOH gives a suitable environment for the reactants to involve in the condensation reaction.

General scheme:

Retro aldol analysis:

To obtain the reactants of the given aldol product, the alpha beta unsaturated bond has to be cleaved using water molecule as shown here:

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagents that are used to make the given compound of aldol condensation have to be found.

Concept Introduction:

Retro synthetic analysis:

It is the analysis of the synthetic starting materials for a given compound through its precursors or fragments which are known as synthons. The synthons can be obtained by logical cleavage of the chemical bonds in the compounds. The resulted synthons will be therefore known as logical synthons.

Crossed aldol condensation:

Crossed aldol condensation reaction occurs, when an aldehyde and a ketone are heated in aqueous sodium hydroxide. The resulted product will be an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone that forms through elimination of water. The basic reagent NaOH gives a suitable environment for the reactants to involve in the condensation reaction.

General scheme:

Retro aldol analysis:

To obtain the reactants of the given aldol product, the alpha beta unsaturated bond has to be cleaved using water molecule as shown here:

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagents that are used to make the given compound of aldol condensation have to be found.

Concept Introduction:

Retro synthetic analysis:

It is the analysis of the synthetic starting materials for a given compound through its precursors or fragments which are known as synthons. The synthons can be obtained by logical cleavage of the chemical bonds in the compounds. The resulted synthons will be therefore known as logical synthons.

Crossed aldol condensation:

Crossed aldol condensation reaction occurs, when an aldehyde and a ketone are heated in aqueous sodium hydroxide. The resulted product will be an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone that forms through elimination of water. The basic reagent NaOH gives a suitable environment for the reactants to involve in the condensation reaction.

General scheme:

Retro aldol analysis:

To obtain the reactants of the given aldol product, the alpha beta unsaturated bond has to be cleaved using water molecule as shown here:

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagents that are used to make the given compound of aldol condensation have to be found.

Concept Introduction:

Retro synthetic analysis:

It is the analysis of the synthetic starting materials for a given compound through its precursors or fragments which are known as synthons. The synthons can be obtained by logical cleavage of the chemical bonds in the compounds. The resulted synthons will be therefore known as logical synthons.

Crossed aldol condensation:

Crossed aldol condensation reaction occurs, when an aldehyde and a ketone are heated in aqueous sodium hydroxide. The resulted product will be an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone that forms through elimination of water. The basic reagent NaOH gives a suitable environment for the reactants to involve in the condensation reaction.

General scheme:

Retro aldol analysis:

To obtain the reactants of the given aldol product, the alpha beta unsaturated bond has to be cleaved using water molecule as shown here:

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagents that are used to make the given compound of aldol condensation have to be found.

Concept Introduction:

Retro synthetic analysis:

It is the analysis of the synthetic starting materials for a given compound through its precursors or fragments which are known as synthons. The synthons can be obtained by logical cleavage of the chemical bonds in the compounds. The resulted synthons will be therefore known as logical synthons.

Crossed aldol condensation:

Crossed aldol condensation reaction occurs, when an aldehyde and a ketone are heated in aqueous sodium hydroxide. The resulted product will be an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone that forms through elimination of water. The basic reagent NaOH gives a suitable environment for the reactants to involve in the condensation reaction.

General scheme:

Retro aldol analysis:

To obtain the reactants of the given aldol product, the alpha beta unsaturated bond has to be cleaved using water molecule as shown here:

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 1CC Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 2CC Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 3CC Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 1LTS Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 4PTS Ch. 21.1 - APPLY the skill As with aldehydes and ketones, the...Ch. 21.1 - Draw the enolate ion that is formed when each of...Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 7CC Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 8CC Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 9CC

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