Chapter 21, Problem 54E

 (a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The $\text{d}$ orbital splitting diagrams for the given octahedral complex ions are to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Weak field ligand that has small crystal field splitting energy gives high spin due to the presence of maximum unpaired electrons in lower energy ${\text{t}}_{\text{2g}}$ orbitals and higher energy orbitals.

Strong field ligand that has large crystal field splitting energy gives low spin due to presence of maximum paired electrons in lower energy ${\text{t}}_{\text{2g}}$ orbitals.

To draw: The $\text{d}$ orbital splitting diagrams for the octahedral complex ion ${\text{Zn}}^{2+}$.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The d orbital splitting diagrams for the given octahedral complex ions are to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Weak field ligand that has small crystal field splitting energy gives high spin due to the presence of maximum unpaired electrons in lower energy ${\text{t}}_{\text{2g}}$ orbitals and higher energy orbitals.

Strong field ligand that has large crystal field splitting energy gives low spin due to presence of maximum paired electrons in lower energy ${\text{t}}_{\text{2g}}$ orbitals.

To draw: The $\text{d}$ orbital splitting diagrams for the octahedral complex ion ${\text{Co}}^{2+}$.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The d orbital splitting diagrams for the given octahedral complex ions are to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Weak field ligand that has small crystal field splitting energy gives high spin due to the presence of maximum unpaired electrons in lower energy ${\text{t}}_{\text{2g}}$ orbitals and higher energy orbitals.

Strong field ligand that has large crystal field splitting energy gives low spin due to presence of maximum paired electrons in lower energy ${\text{t}}_{\text{2g}}$ orbitals.

To draw: The $\text{d}$ orbital splitting diagrams for the octahedral complex ion ${\text{Ti}}^{3+}$.