PHYSICS:F/SCI.+ENGRS.,V.1
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781337553575
Author: SERWAY
Publisher: CENGAGE L
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Chapter 21, Problem 42AP
You are working as an expert witness for an environmental agency. A utility in a neighboring town has proposed a new power plant that produces electrical power P from turbines. The utility claims that the plant will take in steam at temperature Th and reject water at temperature Tc into a flowing cold-water river. The flow rate of the river is Δm/Δt. The agency supervisor is concerned about the effect of dumping warm water on the fish in the river. (a) The utility claims that the power plant operates with Carnot efficiency. With that assumption, you need to determine for a trial presentation by how much the temperature of the water downstream from the power plant will rise due to the rejected energy from the power plant. (b) If you abandon the utility’s claim that the power plant operates at Carnot efficiency and assume a more realistic efficiency e, you need to determine the increase in water temperature in the stream. (c) Finally, you need to testify whether the increase in water temperature in part (b) will be higher or lower than that found in part (a).
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Question B3
Consider the following FLRW spacetime:
t2
ds² = -dt² +
(dx²
+ dy²+ dz²),
t2
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a)
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[2 marks]
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3
a
3
[5 marks]
Use these equations to determine the energy density p(t) and the pressure p(t) for the
FLRW spacetime specified at the top of the page.
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SECTION B
Answer ONLY TWO questions in Section B
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Question B1
Consider the line element
where w is a constant.
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[2 marks]
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[10 marks]
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Chapter 21 Solutions
PHYSICS:F/SCI.+ENGRS.,V.1
Ch. 21.1 - The energy input to an engine is 4.00 times...Ch. 21.2 - The energy entering an electric heater by...Ch. 21.4 - Three engines operate between reservoirs separated...Ch. 21.6 - (a) Suppose you select four cards at random from a...Ch. 21.7 - An ideal gas is taken from an initial temperature...Ch. 21.7 - True or False: The entropy change in an adiabatic...Ch. 21 - A particular heat engine has a mechanical power...Ch. 21 - The work done by an engine equals one-fourth the...Ch. 21 - Suppose a heat engine is connected to two energy...Ch. 21 - During each cycle, a refrigerator ejects 625 kJ of...
Ch. 21 - A freezer has a coefficient of performance of...Ch. 21 - A heat pump has a coefficient of performance equal...Ch. 21 - One of the most efficient heat engines ever built...Ch. 21 - Why is the following situation impossible? An...Ch. 21 - If a 35.0% -efficient Carnot heat engine (Fig....Ch. 21 - An ideal refrigerator or ideal heat pump is...Ch. 21 - A heat engine is being designed to have a Carnot...Ch. 21 - A power plant operates at a 32.0% efficiency...Ch. 21 - You are working on a summer job at a company that...Ch. 21 - A Carnot heat engine operates between temperatures...Ch. 21 - An electric generating station is designed to have...Ch. 21 - Suppose you build a two-engine device with the...Ch. 21 - A heat pump used for heating shown in Figure...Ch. 21 - A gasoline engine has a compression ratio of 6.00....Ch. 21 - An idealized diesel engine operates in a cycle...Ch. 21 - (a) Prepare a table like Table 21.1 for the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21PCh. 21 - A Styrofoam cup holding 125 g of hot water at 100C...Ch. 21 - A 1 500-kg car is moving at 20.0 m/s. The driver...Ch. 21 - A 2.00-L container has a center partition that...Ch. 21 - Calculate the change in entropy of 250 g of water...Ch. 21 - What change in entropy occurs when a 27.9-g ice...Ch. 21 - When an aluminum bar is connected between a hot...Ch. 21 - When a metal bar is connected between a hot...Ch. 21 - How fast are you personally making the entropy of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 30APCh. 21 - The energy absorbed by an engine is three times...Ch. 21 - In 1993, the U.S. government instituted a...Ch. 21 - In 1816, Robert Stirling, a Scottish clergyman,...Ch. 21 - Suppose an ideal (Carnot) heat pump could be...Ch. 21 - Review. This problem complements Problem 44 in...Ch. 21 - A firebox is at 750 K, and the ambient temperature...Ch. 21 - A 1.00-mol sample of an ideal monatomic gas is...Ch. 21 - A system consisting of n moles of an ideal gas...Ch. 21 - A heat engine operates between two reservoirs at...Ch. 21 - You are working as an assistant to a physics...Ch. 21 - Prob. 41APCh. 21 - You are working as an expert witness for an...Ch. 21 - An athlete whose mass is 70.0 kg drinks 16.0...Ch. 21 - Prob. 44APCh. 21 - Prob. 45APCh. 21 - A sample consisting of n moles of an ideal gas...Ch. 21 - The compression ratio of an Otto cycle as shown in...
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