The advantages of biofilm to bacteria. Introduction: Biofilm consists of many microorganisms living together in a consortium. These microorganisms can be bacteria, protista or fungi . They can be of one type or several types living in association with each other. They adhere to each other and also to a living or a non living surface. They release extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) which consists of proteins, sugars, lipids and DNA. Ultimately they end up forming a 3D structure which is very different from their solitary living conditions. A very common example of a biofilm is dental plaque.

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Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 21, Problem 3Q

Summary Introduction

To analyze:

The advantages of biofilm to bacteria.

Introduction:

Biofilm consists of many microorganisms living together in a consortium. These microorganisms can be bacteria, protista or fungi. They can be of one type or several types living in association with each other. They adhere to each other and also to a living or a non living surface. They release extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) which consists of proteins, sugars, lipids and DNA. Ultimately they end up forming a 3D structure which is very different from their solitary living conditions. A very common example of a biofilm is dental plaque.

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Question #3: In the KeyGene paper, the authors state that it would be useful if pollen from an apomict would transmit apomixis-inducing genes to the female in the cross (assuming the pollen is viable). Assuming there was just one gene conferring gametophytic obligate apomixis, and that the two parents are inbreds, what would be the consequences of such a cross if: a) The apomixis was a dominant trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the parental cross. b) The apomixis was a recessive trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the…

Question #5: Assume that two genes are identified that confer gametophytic facultative apomixis in soybean. The genes show independent assortment. Recessive alleles at both loci are required for the facultative apomixis. Facultative apomixis is triggered when the temperature at pollination is above 20 degrees C. At temperatures below 20 degrees C, all reproduction is sexual, independent of genotype. A facultative apomict male, capable of producing viable pollen, was crossed with a sexually reproducing female. Assuming the parents are completely inbred, what are the predicted phenotypic ratios (apomict: non-apomict) for the F1, F2, and DH (F1-derived) generations at each of the following temperatures*: a) 15°C? b) 25°C? *for full credit, show crosses and genotypes where appropriate. Remember to position the female first (left side) in the cross. Type your answer here:

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Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 21, Problem 3Q

Summary Introduction

To analyze:

The advantages of biofilm to bacteria.

Introduction:

Biofilm consists of many microorganisms living together in a consortium. These microorganisms can be bacteria, protista or fungi. They can be of one type or several types living in association with each other. They adhere to each other and also to a living or a non living surface. They release extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) which consists of proteins, sugars, lipids and DNA. Ultimately they end up forming a 3D structure which is very different from their solitary living conditions. A very common example of a biofilm is dental plaque.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 21, Problem 3Q

Summary Introduction

To analyze:

The advantages of biofilm to bacteria.

Introduction:

Biofilm consists of many microorganisms living together in a consortium. These microorganisms can be bacteria, protista or fungi. They can be of one type or several types living in association with each other. They adhere to each other and also to a living or a non living surface. They release extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) which consists of proteins, sugars, lipids and DNA. Ultimately they end up forming a 3D structure which is very different from their solitary living conditions. A very common example of a biofilm is dental plaque.

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 4

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Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 21, Problem 3Q

Summary Introduction