(a) Interpretation: To give Lewis structure of conjugate base of HNO 3 . Concept introduction: • Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons. • Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond. • Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Question

2. A graph shown below shows first ionization energies for elements from H to Ne. First ionization energy/kJ mol 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 T T T T 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Atomic number a) Using arguments of electronic structure, explain why ionization energy of Li is much lower than that of H. (2 points) then dips at O. b) Using the same arguments, explain why ionization energy increases from B to N, and (3 points)

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 32QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To give Lewis structure of conjugate base of HNO3.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To give Lewis structure of conjugate base of H2SO4.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To give Lewis structure of conjugate base of H3PO4.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

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2. A graph shown below shows first ionization energies for elements from H to Ne. First ionization energy/kJ mol 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 T T T T 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Atomic number a) Using arguments of electronic structure, explain why ionization energy of Li is much lower than that of H. (2 points) then dips at O. b) Using the same arguments, explain why ionization energy increases from B to N, and (3 points)

Give the name of this compound, including stereochemistry if relevant: CICH2 CH3 Br CH₂CH=CH2 Write in the product, including stereochemistry where relevant, for these reactions. See end of ch. 8, p. 301-303. 1. 03 a) 2-methyl-2-pentene -> 2. Zn, H* Br2 b) 1-ethylcyclopentene -->

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 32QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To give Lewis structure of conjugate base of HNO3.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To give Lewis structure of conjugate base of H2SO4.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To give Lewis structure of conjugate base of H3PO4.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 32QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To give Lewis structure of conjugate base of HNO3.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To give Lewis structure of conjugate base of H2SO4.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To give Lewis structure of conjugate base of H3PO4.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 32QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To give Lewis structure of conjugate base of HNO3.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To give Lewis structure of conjugate base of H2SO4.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To give Lewis structure of conjugate base of H3PO4.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

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Answer 5

Chapter 21, Problem 32QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To give Lewis structure of conjugate base of HNO3.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To give Lewis structure of conjugate base of H2SO4.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To give Lewis structure of conjugate base of H3PO4.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Answer 6

Chapter 21, Problem 32QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To give Lewis structure of conjugate base of HNO3.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Answer 7

Chapter 21, Problem 32QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To give Lewis structure of conjugate base of HNO3.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To give Lewis structure of conjugate base of H2SO4.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To give Lewis structure of conjugate base of H2SO4.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To give Lewis structure of conjugate base of H3PO4.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To give Lewis structure of conjugate base of H3PO4.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Answer 12

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Answer 23

Ch. 21 - Prob. 1QAP Ch. 21 - Prob. 2QAP Ch. 21 - Prob. 3QAP Ch. 21 - Prob. 4QAP Ch. 21 - Prob. 5QAP Ch. 21 - Prob. 6QAP Ch. 21 - Give the formula for the acidic oxide of (a) HNO3...Ch. 21 - Prob. 8QAP Ch. 21 - Write the formulas of the following compounds. (a)...Ch. 21 - Prob. 10QAP

Solution Summary: The author explains how Lewis structures show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

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