Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305112100
Author: Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 21, Problem 2RQ
Summary Introduction
To name: One kind of mutation that produces an altered protein.
Introduction: Mutations are alterations in gene that code for a particular protein and can affect a single base pair or a segment of chromosome. Proteins are major macromolecules made of several amino acid micro molecules and have a wide array of functions.
Summary Introduction
To explain: What determines whether the altered protein will have beneficial, neutral, or harmful effects?
Introduction: Mutations are alterations in gene that code for a particular protein and can affect a single base pair or a segment of chromosome. Proteins are major macromolecules made of several amino acid micro molecules and have a wide array of functions.
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name one kind of mutation that produces an altered protein. what determines wether the altered protein will have beneficial, neutral or harmful affects?
Two possible point mutations are the substitution of lysine for leucine or the substitution of serine for threonine. Which is likely to be more serious and why?
Most mutations are harmful or neutral, although in rare instances some can be beneficial where
they might enhance the activity of the produced protein.
Select one:
True
False
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- The table below shows different types of mutations in different positions in four genes. Choose the letter (A to E), from the drop-down menu, that represents the most likely type of protein that will be produced from each of these mutated genes. A: completely normal protein B: functional protein with ONE amino acid different from normal C: non-functional protein with ONE amino acid different from normal D: non-functional protein with MANY amino acids different from normal E: no protein at all Answer Type of mutation Position of mutation in gene (A, B, C, D, or E) before the part of the gene that specifies the active site of the enzyme 2 base pair insertion Inonsense immediately before the stop codon in the part of the gene that specifies the active site of the enzyme silent 1 base pair insertion in an intronarrow_forwardWhat three different types of mutations involve changes in a single base, and what effect can each of them have on a coding sequence? Which type is the most common? Which type has the most severe effect on the function of the encoded protein?arrow_forwardWhich type of mutation results in abnormal amino acid sequence?arrow_forward
- Name four types of point mutations that can occur in a gene coding for a protein. Discuss the possible effect each of these can have on the protein that is produced.arrow_forwardTwo missense mutations in the gene that encodes an enzyme called superoxide dismutase cause a form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, or Lou Gehrig disease). This disease causes loss of neurological function over a 5-year period. One mutation alters the amino acid asparagine (Asn) to lysine (Lys). The other changes an isoleucine (Ile) to a threonine (Thr). List the codons involved and describe how single-base mutations can alter the specified amino acids.arrow_forwardIn many genetic disorders, a lysosomal enzyme required to degrade a specific molecule is missing or defective. One example of these maladies, often referred to as lysosomal storage diseases, is Tay-Sachs disease. Afflicted individuals inherit a defective gene from each parent that codes for an enzyme that degrades a complex lipid molecule. Symptoms include severe mental retardation and death before the age of 5 years. What is the nature of the process that is destroying the patient's cells? (Hint: Synthesis of the lipid molecule continues at a normal rate.)arrow_forward
- A neutral mutation is, by definition, a mutation that does not result in the change of the encoded amino acid sequence of a gene. 1)True 2)Falsearrow_forwardWhich class of mutation, missense or nonsense, is morecommon, and why?arrow_forwardWhat types of mutations occur (i.e. describe base substitution vs. frameshift, silent, missense, and nonsense mutations)?arrow_forward
- Breast cancer can be caused by a genetic mutation on the BRCA1 gene changing a methionine to an arginine residue in the transcribed protein. How will this mutation effect this protein? a) Polarity before and after mutation: b) Size of the region before and after the mutation: c) Tertiary interaction you would expect with substrate: d) Name an amino acid that the unaffected protein's methionine could interact:arrow_forwardSilent mutations that occur in DNA are quite common in living cells and usually involve no effects on phenotype. In not more than 2 pages (using 1.5 line space of Arial or Times New Roman fonts) provide answers for the following questions? 1) Define the silent mutation in DNA? 2) What is the codon usage bias? 3) Provide one example of a clinical implication of a “silent mutation” that proven to have an effect on the phenotype andprovide a brief description of its molecular characteristics? (Explain in details)arrow_forwardSilent mutations that occur in DNA are quite common in living cells and usually involve no effects on phenotype. In not more than 2 pages (using 1.5 line space of Arial or Times New Roman fonts) provide answers for the following questions? 1) Define the silent mutation in DNA? 2) What is the codon usage bias? 3) Provide one example of a clinical implication of a “silent mutation” that proven to have an effect on the phenotype andprovide a brief description of its molecular characteristics?arrow_forward
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