Connect With Learnsmart Labs Online Access For Prescott's Microbiology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781260408997
Author: Joanne Willey
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Higher Education (us)
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Chapter 21, Problem 2AL
Compare the structural and functional differences between chlorosomes and thylakoid membranes. Do you think this is an example of convergent evolution—two structures evolving separately to fulfill the same function, or divergent evolution—two structures that arose from a single ancestor but adapted to meet the particular needs of the organism that bears them? What other data would you need (apart from structure and function) to answer this question?
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Serial endosymbiosis is the most supported theory on how the first eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells. The figure depicts the evolution of eukaryotic cells which include links to prokaryotic cells from early in the history of life.
Identify the cellular structures involved in the connection of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Describe the characteristics of the cellular structures that supports the evolutionary connection.
State a claim on how eukaryotic cells evolved. Using evolutionary evidence justify your claim. The cells modeled above are a result are descendants of an original cell.
Now imagine that you are pretty wimpy ancestral eukaryotic cell, incapable of either cellular respiration or photosynthesis. Writing in the first person (from the
"" perspective), please describe the evolutionary process by which you and your offspring ultimately evolved into the first amazing plant cell, which was capable of BOTH cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
In your response, be sure to demonstrate your understanding of the following: the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, the major cellular organelles, natural selection, the basic structure and function of mitochondria and chloroplasts, as well as the types of macromolecules that make up these organelles.
In lecture, we discussed the endosymbiont theory that describes the evolutionary
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Discovering that eukaryotic cells cannot live without peroxisomes.
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Chapter 21 Solutions
Connect With Learnsmart Labs Online Access For Prescott's Microbiology
Ch. 21.3 - In what ways are members of Aquifex and Thermotoga...Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 21.3 - Design an experiment designed to explore the role...Ch. 21.3 - Explain the relationship between genome size and...Ch. 21.4 - Which of the phototrophs discussed perform...Ch. 21.4 - Prob. 1.2CCCh. 21.4 - Compare the capacity of green nonsulfur...Ch. 21.4 - Why do you think NH3 is converted to the amino...Ch. 21.4 - Prob. 2.1CCCh. 21.4 - Prob. 2.2CC
Ch. 21.4 - Prob. 2.3CCCh. 21.4 - Describe how a vegetative cell, a heterocyst, and...Ch. 21.4 - Prob. 2.5CCCh. 21.4 - Prob. 2.6CCCh. 21.5 - Prob. 1MICh. 21.5 - Prob. 2MICh. 21.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 21.5 - What might have been some of the culture...Ch. 21.5 - Prob. 4CCCh. 21.5 - Prob. 5CCCh. 21.7 - Prob. 1MICh. 21.8 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.8 - Prob. 2CCCh. 21.8 - Prob. 3CCCh. 21.8 - Why are cytophagas ecologically important?Ch. 21.8 - Prob. 5CCCh. 21 - Prob. 1RCCh. 21 - Prob. 2RCCh. 21 - Prob. 3RCCh. 21 - Prob. 4RCCh. 21 - Prob. 5RCCh. 21 - Prob. 6RCCh. 21 - Prob. 7RCCh. 21 - The cyanobacterium Anabaena grows well in liquid...Ch. 21 - Compare the structural and functional differences...Ch. 21 - Prob. 3ALCh. 21 - Prob. 4ALCh. 21 - Prob. 5AL
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- A scientist discovered a new group of unicellular organisms that lack mitochondria but possess an organelle related to the endoplasmic reticulum and is involved in energy production. The scientist hypothesizes that this organelle might be a missing link in the evolution of mitochondria. A) Do you agree with this hypothesis? Explain. B) Based on the available evidence, what is the most likely hypothesis for the origin of mitochondria? Provide four pieces of evidence to support this theory and justify why they are valid.arrow_forwardSelect the statement that does NOT support the origin of excavates that lack plastids, have highly reduced mitochondria and are parasites: A. These parasites typically live in low-oxygen conditions and therefore loss of genes for plastids and mitochondria did not result in lower fitness B. The original, eukaryotic ancestors of these parasites did not engulf prokaryotes C. These parasites typically live in low-oxygen conditions, and many of their mitochondrial genes move to the nucleusarrow_forwardMany fungi are decomposers and degrade organic matter (such as wood and leaf litter). It has become clear that many of these decomposers are also able to colonize live plants as endophytes (living inside the plant without causing any harm) and allowing for prime access to plant tissues once the plant dies. Explain, using the principles of natural selection, how having the ability to be both a decomposer and endophyte evolved. Make sure you include the four steps of evolution by natural selection in your response.arrow_forward
- 1) According to the endosymbiotic theory of the origin of chloroplasts, photosynthetic prokaryotic cells________? 2) The tremendous increase in the diversity of animals beginning about 542 million years ago is called the______? 3) Two completely unrelated species that are found in the same environment are observed to have the same adaptation. This observation describes_________?arrow_forwardThe theory of the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts was first proposed by the biologist Lynn Which of the following statements provides support for the theory of endosymbiosis? 1. All the genes found in chloroplasts are homologous to genes found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cell. 2. Mitochondria contain their own ribosomes. 3. Proteins need a targeting sequence to be imported into a chloroplast. 4. Mitochondria can generate a proton gradient and harness it to synthesize ATP. O A. 1, 2 and 3 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 4 D. 4 only E. All of 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct.arrow_forwardThe endosymbiotic hypothesis for the origin of chloroplasts from gram-negative prokaryotes is supported by all of the following lines of evidence except: the presence of enzymes for the light-dependent and the dark reactions of photosynthesis the presence of circular DNA resembling that of photosynthetic eubacteria the presence of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA similar to that of the cyanobacteria their use of mitosis rather than binary fission during cell division the presence of 70s ribosomes, consisting of 30s and 50s ribosomal subunitsarrow_forward
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