Interpretation The following surfactant should be identified as anionic, cationic, non-ionic, or amphoteric: Concept Introduction Surfactant are organic molecules which are amphiphilic in nature means they contain both hydrophobic (tails) groups as well as hydrophilic groups (head). In aqueous solution the head groups remain in solution whereas the tails may extent out of the aqueous phase. Based on the nature of the head group, surfactants are classified in four categories. When the head groups have no charge, it’s called non-ionic surfactant. If the head group has net positive charge (cationic functional groups like quaternary ammonium salts: ammonium bromide, ammonium chloride etc.), then it is called cationic surfactant, and when the head group has net negative charge (anionic functional groups like sulfate, phosphate, sulfonate, carboxylate etc.) then it is called anionic surfactants. Amphoteric surfactant refers to a surfactant simultaneously carrying both anionic and cationic hydrophilic group.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 28P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation

The following surfactant should be identified as anionic, cationic, non-ionic, or amphoteric:

Concept Introduction

Surfactant are organic molecules which are amphiphilic in nature means they contain both hydrophobic (tails) groups as well as hydrophilic groups (head). In aqueous solution the head groups remain in solution whereas the tails may extent out of the aqueous phase.

Based on the nature of the head group, surfactants are classified in four categories. When the head groups have no charge, it’s called non-ionic surfactant. If the head group has net positive charge (cationic functional groups like quaternary ammonium salts: ammonium bromide, ammonium chloride etc.), then it is called cationic surfactant, and when the head group has net negative charge (anionic functional groups like sulfate, phosphate, sulfonate, carboxylate etc.) then it is called anionic surfactants. Amphoteric surfactant refers to a surfactant simultaneously carrying both anionic and cationic hydrophilic group.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation

The following surfactant should be identified as anionic, cationic, non-ionic, or amphoteric:

Concept Introduction

Surfactant are organic molecules which are amphiphilic in nature means they contain both hydrophobic (tails) groups as well as hydrophilic groups (head). In aqueous solution the head groups remain in solution whereas the tails may extent out of the aqueous phase.

Based on the nature of the head group, surfactants are classified in four categories. When the head groups have no charge, it’s called non-ionic surfactant. If the head group has net positive charge (cationic functional groups like quaternary ammonium salts: ammonium bromide, ammonium chloride etc.), then it is called cationic surfactant, and when the head group has net negative charge (anionic functional groups like sulfate, phosphate, sulfonate, carboxylate etc.) then it is called anionic surfactants. Amphoteric surfactant refers to a surfactant simultaneously carrying both anionic and cationic hydrophilic group.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 28P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation

The following surfactant should be identified as anionic, cationic, non-ionic, or amphoteric:

Concept Introduction

Surfactant are organic molecules which are amphiphilic in nature means they contain both hydrophobic (tails) groups as well as hydrophilic groups (head). In aqueous solution the head groups remain in solution whereas the tails may extent out of the aqueous phase.

Based on the nature of the head group, surfactants are classified in four categories. When the head groups have no charge, it’s called non-ionic surfactant. If the head group has net positive charge (cationic functional groups like quaternary ammonium salts: ammonium bromide, ammonium chloride etc.), then it is called cationic surfactant, and when the head group has net negative charge (anionic functional groups like sulfate, phosphate, sulfonate, carboxylate etc.) then it is called anionic surfactants. Amphoteric surfactant refers to a surfactant simultaneously carrying both anionic and cationic hydrophilic group.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation

The following surfactant should be identified as anionic, cationic, non-ionic, or amphoteric:

Concept Introduction

Surfactant are organic molecules which are amphiphilic in nature means they contain both hydrophobic (tails) groups as well as hydrophilic groups (head). In aqueous solution the head groups remain in solution whereas the tails may extent out of the aqueous phase.

Based on the nature of the head group, surfactants are classified in four categories. When the head groups have no charge, it’s called non-ionic surfactant. If the head group has net positive charge (cationic functional groups like quaternary ammonium salts: ammonium bromide, ammonium chloride etc.), then it is called cationic surfactant, and when the head group has net negative charge (anionic functional groups like sulfate, phosphate, sulfonate, carboxylate etc.) then it is called anionic surfactants. Amphoteric surfactant refers to a surfactant simultaneously carrying both anionic and cationic hydrophilic group.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 28P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation

The following surfactant should be identified as anionic, cationic, non-ionic, or amphoteric:

Concept Introduction

Surfactant are organic molecules which are amphiphilic in nature means they contain both hydrophobic (tails) groups as well as hydrophilic groups (head). In aqueous solution the head groups remain in solution whereas the tails may extent out of the aqueous phase.

Based on the nature of the head group, surfactants are classified in four categories. When the head groups have no charge, it’s called non-ionic surfactant. If the head group has net positive charge (cationic functional groups like quaternary ammonium salts: ammonium bromide, ammonium chloride etc.), then it is called cationic surfactant, and when the head group has net negative charge (anionic functional groups like sulfate, phosphate, sulfonate, carboxylate etc.) then it is called anionic surfactants. Amphoteric surfactant refers to a surfactant simultaneously carrying both anionic and cationic hydrophilic group.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation

The following surfactant should be identified as anionic, cationic, non-ionic, or amphoteric:

Concept Introduction

Surfactant are organic molecules which are amphiphilic in nature means they contain both hydrophobic (tails) groups as well as hydrophilic groups (head). In aqueous solution the head groups remain in solution whereas the tails may extent out of the aqueous phase.

Based on the nature of the head group, surfactants are classified in four categories. When the head groups have no charge, it’s called non-ionic surfactant. If the head group has net positive charge (cationic functional groups like quaternary ammonium salts: ammonium bromide, ammonium chloride etc.), then it is called cationic surfactant, and when the head group has net negative charge (anionic functional groups like sulfate, phosphate, sulfonate, carboxylate etc.) then it is called anionic surfactants. Amphoteric surfactant refers to a surfactant simultaneously carrying both anionic and cationic hydrophilic group.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 28P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation

The following surfactant should be identified as anionic, cationic, non-ionic, or amphoteric:

Concept Introduction

Surfactant are organic molecules which are amphiphilic in nature means they contain both hydrophobic (tails) groups as well as hydrophilic groups (head). In aqueous solution the head groups remain in solution whereas the tails may extent out of the aqueous phase.

Based on the nature of the head group, surfactants are classified in four categories. When the head groups have no charge, it’s called non-ionic surfactant. If the head group has net positive charge (cationic functional groups like quaternary ammonium salts: ammonium bromide, ammonium chloride etc.), then it is called cationic surfactant, and when the head group has net negative charge (anionic functional groups like sulfate, phosphate, sulfonate, carboxylate etc.) then it is called anionic surfactants. Amphoteric surfactant refers to a surfactant simultaneously carrying both anionic and cationic hydrophilic group.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation

The following surfactant should be identified as anionic, cationic, non-ionic, or amphoteric:

Concept Introduction

Surfactant are organic molecules which are amphiphilic in nature means they contain both hydrophobic (tails) groups as well as hydrophilic groups (head). In aqueous solution the head groups remain in solution whereas the tails may extent out of the aqueous phase.

Based on the nature of the head group, surfactants are classified in four categories. When the head groups have no charge, it’s called non-ionic surfactant. If the head group has net positive charge (cationic functional groups like quaternary ammonium salts: ammonium bromide, ammonium chloride etc.), then it is called cationic surfactant, and when the head group has net negative charge (anionic functional groups like sulfate, phosphate, sulfonate, carboxylate etc.) then it is called anionic surfactants. Amphoteric surfactant refers to a surfactant simultaneously carrying both anionic and cationic hydrophilic group.

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Answer 5

Chapter 21, Problem 28P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation

The following surfactant should be identified as anionic, cationic, non-ionic, or amphoteric:

Concept Introduction

Surfactant are organic molecules which are amphiphilic in nature means they contain both hydrophobic (tails) groups as well as hydrophilic groups (head). In aqueous solution the head groups remain in solution whereas the tails may extent out of the aqueous phase.

Based on the nature of the head group, surfactants are classified in four categories. When the head groups have no charge, it’s called non-ionic surfactant. If the head group has net positive charge (cationic functional groups like quaternary ammonium salts: ammonium bromide, ammonium chloride etc.), then it is called cationic surfactant, and when the head group has net negative charge (anionic functional groups like sulfate, phosphate, sulfonate, carboxylate etc.) then it is called anionic surfactants. Amphoteric surfactant refers to a surfactant simultaneously carrying both anionic and cationic hydrophilic group.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation

The following surfactant should be identified as anionic, cationic, non-ionic, or amphoteric:

Concept Introduction

Surfactant are organic molecules which are amphiphilic in nature means they contain both hydrophobic (tails) groups as well as hydrophilic groups (head). In aqueous solution the head groups remain in solution whereas the tails may extent out of the aqueous phase.

Based on the nature of the head group, surfactants are classified in four categories. When the head groups have no charge, it’s called non-ionic surfactant. If the head group has net positive charge (cationic functional groups like quaternary ammonium salts: ammonium bromide, ammonium chloride etc.), then it is called cationic surfactant, and when the head group has net negative charge (anionic functional groups like sulfate, phosphate, sulfonate, carboxylate etc.) then it is called anionic surfactants. Amphoteric surfactant refers to a surfactant simultaneously carrying both anionic and cationic hydrophilic group.

Answer 6

Chapter 21, Problem 28P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation

The following surfactant should be identified as anionic, cationic, non-ionic, or amphoteric:

Concept Introduction

Surfactant are organic molecules which are amphiphilic in nature means they contain both hydrophobic (tails) groups as well as hydrophilic groups (head). In aqueous solution the head groups remain in solution whereas the tails may extent out of the aqueous phase.

Based on the nature of the head group, surfactants are classified in four categories. When the head groups have no charge, it’s called non-ionic surfactant. If the head group has net positive charge (cationic functional groups like quaternary ammonium salts: ammonium bromide, ammonium chloride etc.), then it is called cationic surfactant, and when the head group has net negative charge (anionic functional groups like sulfate, phosphate, sulfonate, carboxylate etc.) then it is called anionic surfactants. Amphoteric surfactant refers to a surfactant simultaneously carrying both anionic and cationic hydrophilic group.

Answer 7

Chapter 21, Problem 28P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation

The following surfactant should be identified as anionic, cationic, non-ionic, or amphoteric:

Concept Introduction

Surfactant are organic molecules which are amphiphilic in nature means they contain both hydrophobic (tails) groups as well as hydrophilic groups (head). In aqueous solution the head groups remain in solution whereas the tails may extent out of the aqueous phase.

Based on the nature of the head group, surfactants are classified in four categories. When the head groups have no charge, it’s called non-ionic surfactant. If the head group has net positive charge (cationic functional groups like quaternary ammonium salts: ammonium bromide, ammonium chloride etc.), then it is called cationic surfactant, and when the head group has net negative charge (anionic functional groups like sulfate, phosphate, sulfonate, carboxylate etc.) then it is called anionic surfactants. Amphoteric surfactant refers to a surfactant simultaneously carrying both anionic and cationic hydrophilic group.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation

The following surfactant should be identified as anionic, cationic, non-ionic, or amphoteric:

Concept Introduction

Surfactant are organic molecules which are amphiphilic in nature means they contain both hydrophobic (tails) groups as well as hydrophilic groups (head). In aqueous solution the head groups remain in solution whereas the tails may extent out of the aqueous phase.

Based on the nature of the head group, surfactants are classified in four categories. When the head groups have no charge, it’s called non-ionic surfactant. If the head group has net positive charge (cationic functional groups like quaternary ammonium salts: ammonium bromide, ammonium chloride etc.), then it is called cationic surfactant, and when the head group has net negative charge (anionic functional groups like sulfate, phosphate, sulfonate, carboxylate etc.) then it is called anionic surfactants. Amphoteric surfactant refers to a surfactant simultaneously carrying both anionic and cationic hydrophilic group.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation

The following surfactant should be identified as anionic, cationic, non-ionic, or amphoteric:

Concept Introduction

Surfactant are organic molecules which are amphiphilic in nature means they contain both hydrophobic (tails) groups as well as hydrophilic groups (head). In aqueous solution the head groups remain in solution whereas the tails may extent out of the aqueous phase.

Based on the nature of the head group, surfactants are classified in four categories. When the head groups have no charge, it’s called non-ionic surfactant. If the head group has net positive charge (cationic functional groups like quaternary ammonium salts: ammonium bromide, ammonium chloride etc.), then it is called cationic surfactant, and when the head group has net negative charge (anionic functional groups like sulfate, phosphate, sulfonate, carboxylate etc.) then it is called anionic surfactants. Amphoteric surfactant refers to a surfactant simultaneously carrying both anionic and cationic hydrophilic group.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 21 - Prob. 1RQ Ch. 21 - Prob. 2RQ Ch. 21 - Prob. 3RQ Ch. 21 - Prob. 4RQ Ch. 21 - Prob. 5RQ Ch. 21 - Prob. 6RQ Ch. 21 - Prob. 7RQ Ch. 21 - Prob. 8RQ Ch. 21 - Prob. 9P Ch. 21 - Prob. 10P

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