Chapter 21, Problem 24E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electron configuration of each given ion is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Valence electrons are filled in four principal orbitals according to the energy levels. The four orbitals are $\text{s, p, d}$ and $\text{f}$.

The metals from group $\text{3-12}$ are known as first row transition metals. The general form of valence electron configuration of these metals is,

$\left[\text{Nobel}\text{gas}\right]{\text{nf}}^{\text{x}}{\text{nd}}^{\text{y}}{\text{ns}}^{\text{z}}$

When element lose an electron, a positive charge is accumulated on it whereas when an element gains an electron, negative charge is accumulated on it.