Chapter 21, Problem 21.58P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of propranolol has to be shown from 1-naphthol.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The chirality of Propranolol is to be identified and the possible stereoisomers has to be identified in the given synthesis.

Concept introduction:

Chiral:

A molecule is non superimposable on its mirror image is called chiral molecule.

Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Isomer:

A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Stereoisomers:

Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers:

A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers:

A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

Racemic mixture:

A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.