Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781285869759
Author: Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 21, Problem 21.38P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
How does the severity of atherosclerosis reduces by lovastatin should be determined?
Concept Introduction:
Lovastatin is a HMG CoA reductase inhibitor (statin).
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පිපිම
Draw curved arrows to represent the flow of electrons in the reaction on the left
Label the reactants on the left as either "Acid" or "Base"
(iii) Decide which direction the equilibrium arrows will point in each reaction, based on
the given pk, values
(a)
+
H-O
H
3-H
+
(c)
H"
H
+
H****H
000
44-00
NH₂
(e)
i
Дон
OH
Ө
NH
3) Label the configuration in each of the following alkenes as E, Z, or N/A (for
non-stereogenic centers).
00
E
000
N/A
E
Br
N/A
N/A
(g)
E
N/A
OH
E
(b)
Oz
N/A
Br
(d)
00
E
Z
N/A
E
(f) Oz
N/A
E
(h)
Z
N/A
6) Fill in the missing Acid, pKa value, or conjugate base in the table below:
Acid
HCI
Approximate pK,
-7
Conjugate Base
H-C:
Hydronium (H₂O')
-1.75
H-O-H
Carboxylic Acids (RCOOH)
Ammonium (NH4)
9.24
Water (H₂O)
H-O-H
Alcohols (ROH)
RO-H
Alkynes
R--H
Amines
25
25
38
HO
Chapter 21 Solutions
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Ch. 21.8 - Prob. 21.1PCh. 21 - 21-2 Why are fats a good source of energy for...Ch. 21 - 21-3 Proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.4PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.5PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.6PCh. 21 - 21-7 For the diglycerides in Problem 21-6, predict...Ch. 21 - 21-8 Predict which acid in each pair has the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.9PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.10P
Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.11PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.12PCh. 21 - 21-13 Rank the following in order of increasing...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.14PCh. 21 - 21-15 Name the products of the saponification of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.16PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.17PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.18PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.19PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.20PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.21PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.22PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.23PCh. 21 - 21-24 In what sense is the active transport of K+...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.25PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.26PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.27PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.28PCh. 21 - 21-29 Name all the groups of complex lipids that...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.30PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.31PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.32PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.33PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.34PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.35PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.36PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.37PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.38PCh. 21 - 21-39 How does VLDL become LDL?Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.40PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.41PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.42PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.43PCh. 21 - 21-44 Describe the difference in structure between...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.45PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.46PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.47PCh. 21 - 21-48 List all of the functional groups that make...Ch. 21 - 21-49 Explain how the constant elimination of bile...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.50PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.51PCh. 21 - 21-52 What are the chemical and physiological...Ch. 21 - 21-53 How does aspirin, an anti-inflammatory drug,...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.54PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.55PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.56PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.57PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.58PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.59PCh. 21 - 21-60 (Chemical Connections 21C) Why were Mark...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.61PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.62PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.63PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.64PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.65PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.66PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.67PCh. 21 - 21-68 What is the role of taurine in lipid...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.69PCh. 21 - 21-70 How many different triglycerides can you...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.71PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.72PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.73PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.74PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.75PCh. 21 - 21-76 Which part of LDL interacts with the LDL...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.77PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.78PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.79PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.80PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.81PCh. 21 - 21-82 Suggest a reason why the same protein system...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.83PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.84PCh. 21 - 21-85 Which of the following statements is (are)...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.86PCh. 21 - 21-87 Which statements are consistent with the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.88PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.89PCh. 21 - 21-90 To what extent do lipids and carbohydrates...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.91PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.92PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.93PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.94PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.95PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.96PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.97PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.98PCh. 21 - Prob. 21.99PCh. 21 - 21-100 What are the functions of a cell membrane?...Ch. 21 - 21-101 Glycerophospholipids tend to have both a...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.102P
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- 5) Rank the following sets of compounds in order of decreasing acidity (most acidic to least acidic), and choose the justification(s) for each ranking. (a) OH V SH я вон CH most acidic (lowst pKa) least acidic (highest pKa) Effect(s) Effect(s) Effect(s) inductive effect O inductive effect O inductive effect electronegativity electronegativity O electronegativity resonance polarizability resonance polarizability O resonance O polarizability hybridization Ohybridization O hybridization оarrow_forwardHow negatively charged organic bases are formed.arrow_forwardNonearrow_forward
- 1) For the following molecules: (i) Label the indicated alkenes as either cis (Z), trans (E), or N/A (for non-stereogenic centers) by bubbling in the appropriate label on the molecule. (ii) Complete the IUPAC name located below the structure (HINT: Put the letter of the configuration in parentheses at the beginning of the name!) E z N/A ()-3,4,6-trimethylhept-2-ene E Oz O N/A ()-3-ethyl-1-fluoro-4-methylhex-3-ene E -+- N/A Me )-2,3-dimethylpent-2-ene (d) (b) E O N/A Br ()-5-bromo-1-chloro-3-ethyloct-4-ene ОЕ Z N/A Et (___)-3-ethyl-4-methylhex-3-ene E (f) Oz N/A z N/A HO (4.7)-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-7-methylnona-4,7-dien-2-onearrow_forwardO 9:21AM Tue Mar 4 ## 64% Problem 51 of 15 Submit Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic step(s). Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps. H :0: CI. AI :CI: :CI: Cl AI Select to Add Arrows Select to Add Arrows O: Cl :CI: :0: H CI: CI CO Select to Add Arrows Select to Add Arrows :O: CI :0: Cl. 10: AIarrow_forward(i) Draw in the missing lone pair(s) of electrons of the reactants on the left (ii) Draw (curved) arrows to show the flow of electrons in the acid/base reaction on the left (iii) Draw the products of the acid/base on the right (iv) Select the correct label for each product as either "conjugate acid" or "conjugate base" (a) JOH OH NH₂ acid base (b) De "H conjugate acid conjugate acid conjugate base conjugate base acid base conjugate acid conjugate base conjugate acid conjugate base acid basearrow_forward
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- 9:27 AM Tue Mar 4 ← Problem 64 of 15 #63% Submit Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic step(s). Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps. 0:0 0:0 :0: N. :0: :O :0: H H. :0: Select to Add Arrows O :0: H O :0: 0:0. S. H Select to Add Arrows S :0: :0: H Harrow_forwardOrder the following organic reactions by relative rate. That is, select '1' next to the reaction that will have the fastest initial rate, select '2' next to the reaction that will have the next fastest initial rate, and so on. If two reactions will have very similar initial rates, you can select the same number next to both. If a reaction will have zero or nearly zero initial rate, don't select a number and check the box in the table instead. Note: the "Nu" in these reactions means "a generic nucleophile." ملی CI :Nu 2 он 3 H Reaction Relative Rate (Choose one) ▼ Nu :CI: zero or nearly zero Nu :Nu bi (Choose one) zero or nearly zero : Nu لی Nu :H (Choose one) zero or nearly zeroarrow_forward9:12 AM Tue Mar 4 66% Problem 38 of 15 Submit Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Use the reaction conditions provided and follow the arrows to draw the product formed in this reaction or mechanistic step(s). Include all lone pairs and charges as appropriate. Ignore inorganic byproducts. Br2 FeBrз H (+) Br: H : Br----FeBr3 く a SU 00 nd earrow_forward
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