(a) Interpretation: The lactol formed from intramolecular cyclization of given hydroxyl aldehyde is to be predicted. Concept introduction: Aldehydes or ketones on reaction with one equivalent of alcohol form hemiacetal and on reaction with two equivalents of alcohol it forms acetals. This is nucleophilic addition reaction. These reactions takes place in presence of acids, commonly p -toluenesulfonicacid . Cyclic hemiacetals containing five or six-membered rings are generally stable and can be isolated.

Question

20. The Brusselator. This hypothetical system was first proposed by a group work- ing in Brussels [see Prigogine and Lefever (1968)] in connection with spatially nonuniform chemical patterns. Because certain steps involve trimolecular reac tions, it is not a model of any real chemical system but rather a prototype that has been studied extensively. The reaction steps are A-X. B+X-Y+D. 2X+ Y-3X, X-E. 305 It is assumed that concentrations of A, B, D, and E are kept artificially con stant so that only X and Y vary with time. (a) Show that if all rate constants are chosen appropriately, the equations de scribing a Brusselator are: dt A-(B+ 1)x + x²y, dy =Bx-x²y. di

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.36P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The lactol formed from intramolecular cyclization of given hydroxyl aldehyde is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Aldehydes or ketones on reaction with one equivalent of alcohol form hemiacetal and on reaction with two equivalents of alcohol it forms acetals. This is nucleophilic addition reaction. These reactions takes place in presence of acids, commonly p-toluenesulfonicacid.

Cyclic hemiacetals containing five or six-membered rings are generally stable and can be isolated.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The lactol formed from intramolecular cyclization of given hydroxyl aldehyde is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Aldehydes or ketones on reaction with one equivalent of alcohol form hemiacetal and on reaction with two equivalents of alcohol it forms acetals. This is nucleophilic addition reaction. These reactions takes place in presence of acids, commonly p-toluenesulfonicacid.

Cyclic hemiacetals containing five or six-membered rings are generally stable and can be isolated.

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20. The Brusselator. This hypothetical system was first proposed by a group work- ing in Brussels [see Prigogine and Lefever (1968)] in connection with spatially nonuniform chemical patterns. Because certain steps involve trimolecular reac tions, it is not a model of any real chemical system but rather a prototype that has been studied extensively. The reaction steps are A-X. B+X-Y+D. 2X+ Y-3X, X-E. 305 It is assumed that concentrations of A, B, D, and E are kept artificially con stant so that only X and Y vary with time. (a) Show that if all rate constants are chosen appropriately, the equations de scribing a Brusselator are: dt A-(B+ 1)x + x²y, dy =Bx-x²y. di

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