Chapter 21, Problem 21.35QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The three ways by which ions of major essential elements enter and exit cells are to be stated.

Concept introduction: In ${\text{Na}}^{+}-{\text{K}}^{+}$ pumps, exchange of ions in the cellular membrane takes place. This pump requires energy which is provided by the hydrolysis of ADP to ATP.

To determine: The three ways by which ions of major essential elements enter and exit cells.