Concept explainers
Videos
Interpretation: The part of Figure P21.1 that best describes the periodic trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table is to be stated.
Concept introduction: On moving up to down in a group, the principal quantum number ‘n’ increases. Number of shells of electrons increases down the group. Therefore, the size of cation increases down the group.
To determine: The part of Figure P21.1 that best describes the periodic trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table.
Answer to Problem 21.1VP
Solution
The part of Figure P21.1 that best describes the periodic trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table is part (d).
Explanation of Solution
Explanation
The periodic trends in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table are shown below.
Figure 1
A cation is formed when a neutral atom loses an electron. When an electron is lost, the electron-electron repulsion in an atom decreases. Hence, the interaction between nucleus and valence electrons increases. Therefore, the size of cation is less than the corresponding atom
On moving up to down in a group, the principal quantum number ‘n’ increases. Number of shells of electrons increases down the group. Therefore, the size of cation increases down the group. On moving right to left, the principal quantum number remains the same but the effective nuclear charge of electron increases. The
The part that describes the trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table is part (d) because in this part, cationic radii is increasing on moving down the group and on moving right to left in a period.
Conclusion
The part of Figure P21.1 that best describes the periodic trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table is part (d).
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 21 Solutions
Chemistry: The Science in Context (Fifth Edition)
- 4. Read paragraph 4.15 from your textbook, use your calculated lattice energy values for CuO, CuCO3 and Cu(OH)2 an explain thermal decomposition reaction of malachite: Cu2CO3(OH)2 →2CuO + H2O + CO2 (3 points)arrow_forwardPlease sirrr soollveee these parts pleaseeee and thank youuuuuarrow_forwardIII O Organic Chemistry Using wedges and dashes in skeletal structures Draw a skeletal ("line") structure for each of the molecules below. Be sure your structures show the important difference between the molecules. key O O O O O CHON Cl jiii iiiiiiii You can drag the slider to rotate the molecules. Explanation Check Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Q Search X G ©2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use F 3 W C 3/5arrow_forward
- 3. Use Kapustinskii's equation and data from Table 4.10 in your textbook to calculate lattice energies of Cu(OH)2 and CuCO3 (4 points)arrow_forward2. Copper (II) oxide crystalizes in monoclinic unit cell (included below; blue spheres 2+ represent Cu²+, red - O²-). Use Kapustinski's equation (4.5) to calculate lattice energy for CuO. You will need some data from Resource section of your textbook (p.901). (4 points) CuOarrow_forwardWhat is the IUPAC name of the following compound? OH (2S, 4R)-4-chloropentan-2-ol O (2R, 4R)-4-chloropentan-2-ol O (2R, 4S)-4-chloropentan-2-ol O(2S, 4S)-4-chloropentan-2-olarrow_forward
- Use the reaction coordinate diagram to answer the below questions. Type your answers into the answer box for each question. (Watch your spelling) Energy A B C D Reaction coordinate E A) Is the reaction step going from D to F endothermic or exothermic? A F G B) Does point D represent a reactant, product, intermediate or transition state? A/ C) Which step (step 1 or step 2) is the rate determining step? Aarrow_forward1. Using radii from Resource section 1 (p.901) and Born-Lande equation, calculate the lattice energy for PbS, which crystallizes in the NaCl structure. Then, use the Born-Haber cycle to obtain the value of lattice energy for PbS. You will need the following data following data: AH Pb(g) = 196 kJ/mol; AHƒ PbS = −98 kJ/mol; electron affinities for S(g)→S¯(g) is -201 kJ/mol; S¯(g) (g) is 640kJ/mol. Ionization energies for Pb are listed in Resource section 2, p.903. Remember that enthalpies of formation are calculated beginning with the elements in their standard states (S8 for sulfur). The formation of S2, AHF: S2 (g) = 535 kJ/mol. Compare the two values, and explain the difference. (8 points)arrow_forwardIn the answer box, type the number of maximum stereoisomers possible for the following compound. A H H COH OH = H C Br H.C OH CHarrow_forward
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Principles of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY