BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 21, Problem 1IQ
Summary Introduction
To determine: The relationship in the figure if the difference in beak shape was affected by an environmental factor and not by genetic differences.
Introduction: The theory of evolution by natural selection was proposed by Charles Darwin. According to this theory, the population should have a
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Darwin’s finches (Thraupidae, Passeriformes) have beaks of different shapes that allow them to feed on many different diets: insects, seeds, berries, and young leaves. For example, large ground finch has a very deep and broad bill adapted to crack hard and large seeds, while the cactus finch has an elongated and pointy beak for probing cactus flowers and fruits. Geospiza finch bills develop their distinct shapes during embryogenesis and are apparent upon hatching.
Figure below is species-tree estimation of phylogenetic relationships among the Galápagos finches using mtDNA and nuclear loci information.
***Branch lengths are proportional to time and genetic distance except for abbreviated basal node depth.***
Photographs of profiles of each species are shown.
Identify all species pair(s) who have the most similar DNA sequence and clearly explain why. Would Ce. fusca and Ce. olivacea be considered as one of the pair with the most similar DNA sequence given that "branch lengths are…
The horizontal and vertical axes of a sonogram indicate what aspects of a bird’s vocalization?
One of Darwin’s finches, the medium ground finch (Geospiza fortis), is found on the small island of Daphne Major. These finches are seedeating birds. A major drought occurred on the island in 1977. Following the drought, the average beak size of medium ground finches had increased about 3%–4%. Why might a drought lead to an evolutionary change in beak size? Propose a hypothesis and explain how you could go about testing it.
Chapter 21 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 21.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 21.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 21.2 - Distinguish between demonstrating that evolution...Ch. 21.3 - Contrast the processes of artificial and natural...Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 21.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 21.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 21.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 21.5 - Explain the evolutionary significance of...
Ch. 21.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 21.6 - Prob. 1LOCh. 21.6 - Prob. 2LOCh. 21.7 - Characterize the criticisms of evolutionary theory...Ch. 21.7 - Prob. 2LOCh. 21 - Suppose that a male with a beak depth of 10 mm...Ch. 21 - Prob. 1IQCh. 21 - Prob. 2IQCh. 21 - Prob. 3IQCh. 21 - Why might the evolutionary line leading to...Ch. 21 - Artificial selection is different from natural...Ch. 21 - Gaps in the fossil record a. demonstrate our...Ch. 21 - The evolution of modern horses (Equus) is best...Ch. 21 - Homologous structures a. are structures in two or...Ch. 21 - Convergent evolution a. is an example of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 6UCh. 21 - The possession of fine fur in 5-month human...Ch. 21 - In Darwins finches, a. occurrence of wet and dry...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2ACh. 21 - Convergent evolution is often seen among species...Ch. 21 - What conditions are necessary for evolution by...Ch. 21 - Explain how data shown in figure 21.2a and b...Ch. 21 - Prob. 3SCh. 21 - Refer to figure 21.5, artificial selection in the...Ch. 21 - The ancestor of horses was a small, many-toed...
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- You’re conducting a science experiment and notice that fruit flies with rounded wings produced more offspring. What does this suggest about rounded wings?arrow_forwardIs parental care of a species a factor that affects embryological development? If so, how?arrow_forwardreferring to Figure 1.20, provide a possible explanationfor how, over a very long time, the green warbler finchcame to have a slender beak.arrow_forward
- Which of these is the correct explanation of mass change in developing eggs as illustrated in the graph? Select one: A. A is the correct representation of mass change because as the baby bird develops inside the egg, it grows new parts. B. B is the correct representation of mass change because the baby bird uses cellular respiration to fuel the biosynthesis of new parts and gives off mass as CO2. C. C is the correct representation showing that nothing new comes into the egg and nothing leaves the egg, so it retains the same mass.arrow_forwardYou want to distinguish between two hypotheses to explain the patterns you see: 1) Males not feeding the young is an adaptation to dimorphism 2) If males don't feed the young in a species, it will allow them to become brightly colored To begin to address this question, map the characters changes in dimorphism and males feeding the young onto each of the trees on the previous page. CHARACTER SEXUAL DIMORPHISM MALES FEED YOUNG Cassin's Vireo No No Red Fox Sparrow Cape May Warbler Cedar Waxwing Golden-Crowned Kinglet Pyrrhuloxia Yes No No No No Yes No Yes Yes No California Gull No Yes Note: This data is fictional 5) Which of the hypotheses in part 4 is consistent with your analysis? Explain why in a brief paragraph.arrow_forwardHow do mechanisms of speciation, such as genetic isolation, reproductive barriers, and ecological factors, apply to the human-chimp-gorilla trichotomy? Discuss the role of these mechanisms in driving speciation and shaping the evolutionary relationships among humans, chimps, and gorillas, based on genetic evidence such as comparative genomics and molecular phylogenetics.arrow_forward
- Determine if the following pairs are HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES or ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES 1.) Bat wing and bird wing 2.) Dragonfly wing and hummingbrind wing 3.) Dragonfly wing and bumbleebee wingarrow_forwardIf heavy rains caused an abundance of small, tender seeds and fewer large seeds, what do you predict would happen to the average beak size of the finches?arrow_forwardIf an altered structure, such as the long neck of the giraffe, is advantageous, why don’t all species have that structure?arrow_forward
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