a.
To analyze: The accuracy of statement given by the Board’s consultant “The $100 million equity portfolio can be fully protected on the downside by selling (shorting) 4000 futures contracts.”
Introduction:
Hedge Ratio: Hedge ratio is also called as ‘delta’. This ratio is used to calculate the number of hedges required to safeguard or protect against the risk of portfolio’s loss while dealing with commodity derivatives. It can be obtained when the option value is divided by the change in stock price. When the ratio is between 1 to 100%, it means that it is a fully hedged position and when the ratio is 0, it means that it not hedged.
b.
To analyze: The accuracy of statement given by the Board’s consultant “The cost of this protection is that the portfolios expected
Introduction:
Expected rate of
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INVESTMENTS-CONNECT PLUS ACCESS
- The treasurer of Sheridan Corp. has read on the Internet that the stock price of Ewing Inc. is about to take off. In order to profit from this potential development, Sheridan purchased a call option on Ewing common shares on July 7, 2020, for $460. The call option is for 240 shares (notional value), and the strike price is $65. The option expires on January 31, 2021. The following data are available with respect to the call option: Fair Value Market Price Date of Option of Ewing Shares Sept. 30, 2020 $1,740 $71 per share Dec. 31, 2020 $975 $68 per share Jan. 4, 2021 $1,550 $70 per share Prepare the journal entry for Sheridan for July 7, 2020: Invests in call option on Ewing shares.arrow_forwardWalters Audio Visual, Inc., offers a stock option plan to its regional managers. On January 1, 2016, options were granted for 40 million $1 par common shares. The exercise price is the market price on the grant date, $8 per share. Options cannot be exercised prior to January 1, 2018, and expire December 31, 2022. The fair value of the options, estimated by an appropriate option pricing model, is $2 per option. Because the plan does not qualify as an incentive plan, Walters will receive a tax deduction upon exercise of the options equal to the excess of the market price at exercise over the exercise price. The income tax rate is 40%. Required: 1. Determine the total compensation cost pertaining to the stock option plan. 2. Prepare the appropriate journal entries to record compensation expense and its tax effect on December 31, 2016. 3. Prepare the appropriate journal entries to record compensation expense and its tax effect on December 31, 2017. 4. Record the exercise of the options and…arrow_forwardYou would like to be holding a protective put position on the stock of XYZ Co. to lock in a guaranteed minimum value of $109 at year- end. XYZ currently sells for $109. Over the next year the stock price will increase by 12% or decrease by 12%. The T-bill rate is 6%. Unfortunately, no put options are traded on XYZ Co. a. Suppose the desired put option were traded. How much would it cost to purchase? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answer to 2 decimal places.) Cost to purchase b. What would have been the cost of the protective put portfolio? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answer to 2 decimal places.) Cost of the protective put portfolio c. What portfolio position in stock and T-bills will ensure you a payoff equal to the payoff that would be provided by a protective put with X = 109? Show that the payoff to this portfolio and the cost of establishing the portfolio match those of the desired protective put. (Do not round…arrow_forward
- In the coming week, the outcomes from a class action lawsuit will result in a significant shock to the price of "M", which may be positive or negative. Thus, you decide to follow a Straddle strategy using a call option and a put option with strike 105, which have premiums of 16 and 9, respectively. If the stock price is 87 today, what is the total profit of your portfolio? Keep in mind that each call option contract controls 100 shares. Please round your answer to the nearest three decimals.arrow_forwardWalters Audio Visual, Inc., offers a stock option plan to its regional managers. On January 1, 2021, 40 million options were granted for 40 million $1 par common shares. The exercise price is the market price on the grant date, $8 per share. Options cannot be exercised prior to January 1, 2023, and expire December 31, 2027. The fair value of the options, estimated by an appropriate option pricing model, is $2 per option. Because the plan does not qualify as an incentive plan, Walters will receive a tax deduction upon exercise of the options equal to the excess of the market price at exercise over the exercise price. The income tax rate is 25%. Required: 1. Determine the total compensation cost pertaining to the stock option plan. 2. Prepare the appropriate journal entries to record compensation expense and its tax effect on December 31, 2021.arrow_forwardWalters Audio Visual, Inc., offers a stock option plan to its regional managers. On January 1, 2021, 40 million options were granted for 40 million $1 par common shares. The exercise price is the market price on the grant date, $8 per share. Options cannot be exercised prior to January 1, 2023, and expire December 31, 2027. The fair value of the options, estimated by an appropriate option pricing model, is $2 per option. Because the plan does not qualify as an incentive plan, Walters will receive a tax deduction upon exercise of the options equal to the excess of the market price at exercise over the exercise price. The income tax rate is 25%. Required:1. Determine the total compensation cost pertaining to the stock option plan.2. Prepare the appropriate journal entries to record compensation expense and its tax effect on December 31, 2021.3. Prepare the appropriate journal entries to record compensation expense and its tax effect on December 31, 2022.arrow_forward
- Walters Audio Visual, Inc., offers a stock option plan to its regional managers. On January 1, 2021, 40 million options were granted for 40 million $1 par common shares. The exercise price is the market price on the grant date, $8 per share. Options cannot be exercised prior to January 1, 2023, and expire December 31, 2027. The fair value of the options, estimated by an appropriate option pricing model, is $2 per option. Because the plan does not qualify as an incentive plan, Walters will receive a tax deduction upon exercise of the options equal to the excess of the market price at exercise over the exercise price. The income tax rate is 25%. 4. Record the exercise of the options and their tax effect if all of the options are exercised on March 20, 2026, when the market price is $12 per share.5. Assume the option plan qualifies as an incentive plan. Prepare the appropriate journal entries to record compensation expense and its tax effect on December 31, 2021.6. Assuming the option…arrow_forwardThe current price of the Exchange Traded Fund YHT, which does not pay dividends, is $12.5 per share. Your position, worth 8750 dollars, consists entirely of YHT shares. The effective 3-month interest rate is 0.25% and futures contracts on YHT with 3- month maturity are trading at fair value. To protect your position against potential losses, you decide to partially hedge by selling 595 YHT futures that expire in 3 months. You have built a proprietary model according to which the 3-month net return on YHT will be between -15% and 17%. What is the lowest possible value of your combined position in 3 months based on your model? $ 8571.72 $8228.85 $7885.98 $7714.55arrow_forwardJanice Delsing, a U.S.-based portfolio manager, manages an $800 million portfolio ($600 million in stocks and $200 million in bonds). In reaction to anticipated short-term market events, Delsing wishes to adjust the allocation to 50% stock and 50% bonds through the use of futures. Her position will be held only until “the time is right to restore the original asset allocation.” Delsing determines a financial futures–based asset allocation strategy is appropriate. The stock futures index multiplier is $250 and the denomination of the bond futures contract is $100,000. Other information relevant to a futures-based strategy is as follows: Bond portfolio modified duration 5 yearsBond portfolio yield to maturity 7%Price value of a basis point of bond futures $97.85Stock-index futures price 1378Stock portfolio beta 1.0a. Describe the financial futures–based strategy needed and explain how the strategy allows Delsing to implement her allocation adjustment. No calculations are necessary.b.…arrow_forward
- I have a problem with questions below. Impact on earnings of an option and an interest rate swap. Millikin Corporation decided to hedge two transactions. The first transaction is a forecasted transaction to buy 500 tons of inventory in 60 days. The company was concerned that selling prices might increase, and it acquired a 60-day option to buy inventory at a price of $1,200 per ton. Upon acquiring the option, the company paid a premium of $10 per ton when the spot price was $1,201. At the end of 30 days, the option had a value of $19 per ton and a current spot price of $1,214 per ton. Upon expiration of the option, the spot price was $1,216 per ton. In another transaction, the company borrowed $3,000,000 at a fixed rate of 8%; after three months, the company became concerned that variable rates would be lower than 8%. In response, the company entered into an interest rate swap whereby it paid variable rates to a counterparty in exchange for a fixed rate of 8%. The reset rate for the…arrow_forwardPension fund ZZ has a large investment portfolio comprising bonds and equity. The trustees are concerned about a fall in value over the next year as economies worldwide emerge from the Covid-19 pandemic crisis. The trustees are considering two main strategies: Reduce equity price risk by lowering the beta of the equity portfolio. Purchase Credit Default Swaps (CDSS) to reduce credit risk in the bond portfolio. The equity portfolio is currently valued at $500 million and the S&P 500 index futures contract is trading at $445,000. The trustees have asked for the equity portfolio beta to be reduced from 1.45 to 0.90. a) Required: Calculate the number of S&P index futures required to change the equity portfolio beta from 1.45 to 0.90 and explain the rationale behind the formula and approach you use in this calculation.arrow_forwardClarke plans to satisfy cash needs in nine months by selling its Treasury bond holdings for $4 million. However, Clarke is concerned that interest rates might increase over the next three months. To hedge against this possibility, Clarke plans to sell Treasury bond futures. Thus, Clarke sells futures contract for a price of 99-12. Assuming that the actual price of the futures contract declined to 97-20, Clarke would make a of $___. from closing out the futures position. a. b. C. d. e. -——— 40; profit; $76,800 40; loss; $76,800 50; profit; $70,000 40; profit; $70,000 none of the abovearrow_forward
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