Chapter 21, Problem 17P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

The reasons due to which some of the chromosomes in the diseased group do not have the disease-causing allele which is shown as red.

Introduction:

Presence or absence of some disease-causing mutations on the same chromosome in different individuals of the same group divides the group internally into the diseased and the normal groups. Both the groups can be studied for analyzing the disease and its effects on the individuals.

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

The reason for chromosomes in the control group to carry the red variant.

Introduction:

A genetic disease can be identified by studying the chromosomes of an individual. In any scientific study, sample(s) are identified against the control (or the normal). This helps in identifying the effect of the genetic change in the diseased group as compared to the normal group.

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

The ways along with the factors to look in evaluating the data obtained by association mapping studies and the reason for discussion of nonrandom associations of disease in terms of the blue alleles.

Introduction:

Modern scientific tools and techniques have enabled the identification and study of different genetic abnormalities. Extensive studies can be conducted related to the genetic abnormalities using these techniques.

Summary Introduction

d.

To determine:

The mutation that is most likely to have appeared earlier in the history of humans along with its explanation for the same.

Introduction:

Hereditary mutations are carried through the different generations of a family. These mutations can be sometimes dangerous as they can cause certain genetic disorders. Different types of genetic studies can identify the occurrence of these mutations through family history.

Summary Introduction

e.

To explain:

The reason for the length of the region containing the disease-associated SNPs not being a good indicator for the time at which the disease-causing mutation occurred in human history.

Introduction:

Genetic studies involve the identification and analysis of different sections of the genome. To study a mutational change, the section in which the mutation has taken place, along with its nearby regions can be studied according to the type and purpose of the study.