ND STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY LOOSELEAF GENETICS: FROM GENES TO GENOMES
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781260406092
Author: HARTWELL, Leland, HOOD, Leroy, Goldberg, Michael
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education/stony Brook University
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Chapter 21, Problem 16P
Some people can taste the bitter compound phenylthiocarbamide while others cannot. This trait is governed by a single autosomal gene; the allele for tasting is completely dominant with respect to the allele for nontasting. Among 1707 Hawaiians tested for the ability to taste, 1326 tasters were found. Assuming that the population is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for this gene and that mating is purely random:
| a. | What are the allele frequencies for the tasting allele T [= (p)] and for the nontasting allele t [= (q)]? |
| b. | What are the genotype frequencies in the population? |
| c. | Of all the matings in the population, what proportion will be between two nontasters? |
| d. | Of all the matings in the population, what proportion will be between a taster and a nontaster? |
| e. | Of all the matings in the population, what proportion will be between a taster male and a nontaster female? |
| f. | What proportion of all of the progeny produced by all matings between a taster male and a nontaster female will be nontasters? |
| g. | Of all the matings in the population, what proportion will be between two tasters? |
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Kinetics: One-Compartment First-Order Absorption
1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple routes of administration provides greater insight than a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250-g rats following bolus IV, oral (PO), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.
Using this data and set of graphs, determine:(calculate for each variable)
(a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data
(b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data
c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data
(d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip
(e)absolute ip bioavailability, Fip
(f) absolute po bioavailability, Fpo
3. A promising new drug is being evaluated in human trials. Based on preliminary human tests, this drug is most effective when plasma levels exceed 30 mg/L. Measurements from preliminary tests indicate the following human pharmacokinetic parameter values: t1/2,elim = 4.6hr, t1/2,abs = 0.34hr, VD = 0.29 L/kg, Foral = 72%. Based on these parameters, estimate the following if a 49 kg woman were to receive a 1000mg oral dose of this drug:
(a) Estimate the plasma concentration of the drug at 1hr, 6 hr, and 20hr after taking the drug ( Concentration estimate)
(b) Estimate the time for maximum plasma concentration (tmax).
(c) Estimate the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax).
(d) Estimate the time at which the plasma level first rises above 30 mg/L. (Note this is a trial and error problem where you must guess a time, plug it into the concentration equation, and determine if it is close to 30 mg/L. Hint: based on part (a) it should be apparent that the answer is less than 1hr.)
(e)…
Chapter 21 Solutions
ND STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY LOOSELEAF GENETICS: FROM GENES TO GENOMES
Ch. 21 - Choose the best matching phrase in the right...Ch. 21 - When an allele is dominant, why does it not always...Ch. 21 - A population with an allele frequency p of 0.5 and...Ch. 21 - In a certain population of frogs, 120 are green,...Ch. 21 - Which of the following populations are at...Ch. 21 - A dominant mutation in Drosophila called Delta...Ch. 21 - A large, random mating population is started with...Ch. 21 - Prob. 8PCh. 21 - Alkaptonuria is a recessive autosomal genetic...Ch. 21 - Two hypothetical lizard populations found on...
Ch. 21 - It is the year 1998, and the men and women sailors...Ch. 21 - a. Alleles of genes on the X chromosome can also...Ch. 21 - In 1927, the ophthalmologist George Waaler tested...Ch. 21 - The equation p2 2pq q2> = 1 representing the...Ch. 21 - A gene has two alleles A frequency = p and a...Ch. 21 - Some people can taste the bitter compound...Ch. 21 - Androgenetic alopecia pattern baldness is a...Ch. 21 - The following figure shows the FBI-style analysis...Ch. 21 - Why is the elimination of a fully recessive...Ch. 21 - Tristan da Cunha is a group of small islands in...Ch. 21 - Small population size causes genetic drift because...Ch. 21 - Three basic predictions underlie genetic drift in...Ch. 21 - A mouse mutation with incomplete dominance t =...Ch. 21 - In Drosophila, the vestigial wings recessive...Ch. 21 - In a population of infinite size, three loci A, B,...Ch. 21 - You have identified an autosomal gene that...Ch. 21 - In Europe, the frequency of the CF allele causing...Ch. 21 - An allele of the G6PD gene acts in a recessive...Ch. 21 - Explain why evolutionary biologists monitor...Ch. 21 - Tiny foxes live on the Channel Islands off the...Ch. 21 - What is the most straightforward evidence at the...Ch. 21 - In March 2013, the American Journal of Human...Ch. 21 - If you go back 40 generations into your biological...Ch. 21 - In Fig. 21.17, to what part of the world does...Ch. 21 - Predict the DNA sequences at the four nodes...Ch. 21 - A cladogram not drawn to scale for the taxonomic...Ch. 21 - As noted in Fig. 21.22, humans now living in...Ch. 21 - As of this writing in 2016, no Neanderthal-derived...
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