EBK BIOLOGY
5th Edition
ISBN: 8220100667978
Author: Maier
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 21, Problem 10LTB
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Muscle can be defined as a bundle or band of fibrous tissue in an animal or human body that has the capability to contract and produce movement in or upholding the location of body parts. There are 3 types of muscle tissue: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal. All muscles are made up of a type of elastic tissue.
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Which of the following is NOT correct regarding muscle contraction?
O Ca++ in the sarcoplasm returns to the nucleus to be stored
ATP needs to be present for muscle relaxation
A neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction
ATP needs to be present for muscle contraction
In the process of muscle contraction, which of the following steps immediately comes after the propagation of an action potential down the t-tubules of a myofiber?
sliding of tropomyosin causing exposure of actin
binding of myosin head to actin's active site
release of calcium from the terminal cisternae
binding of acetylcholine to its receptor
influx of sodium at the sarcolemma
In the process of muscle contraction, which of the following steps immediately precedes the influx of sodium into a myofiber at the neuromuscular junction?
release of calcium from the terminal cisternae
sliding of tropomyosin causing exposure of actin
propagation of an action potential down the t-tubules
binding of myosin head to actin's active site
binding of acetylcholine to its receptor
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- In a general sense, how do skeletal muscles produce movement?arrow_forwardDepolarization of the sarcolemma means ________. the inside of the membrane has become Less negative as sodium ions accumulate the outside of the membrane has become less negative as sodium ions accumulate the inside of the membrane has become more negative as sodium ions accumulate the sarcolemma has completely lost any electrical chargearrow_forwardIn the process of muscle contraction, which of the following steps immediately precedes the sliding of tropomyosin causing exposure of actin? binding of acetylcholine to its receptor binding of calcium to troponin exocytosis of acetylcholine at NMJ binding of myosin head to actin's active site binding of ATP to the myosin headarrow_forward
- In the process of muscle contraction, which of the following steps requires hydrolysis of ATP to complete? movement of myosin head, pulling the thin filament binding of myosin head to active site on actin resetting of the myosin head back to its ready position letting go of myosin head from the active site on actin sliding of tropomyosin causing exposure of actinarrow_forwardWhich of the following correctly states the importance of an action potential to muscle contration? The SR will only release Ca2+ if it has been electrically stimulated. Sarcomeres require a negative electrical charge to start sliding. Actin and myosin must be electrically charged to create a cross-bridge. ATP cannot be split into ADP and Pi without an action potential.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true regarding muscle contraction? When a muuscle contracts, the sarcomere remains the same size. When a muscle contracts, the H-zone becomes narrower (shortens). When a muscle contracts, the lighter I-band becomes wider. When a muscle contracts, the A-band shortens.arrow_forward
- Skeletal muscle will be released in its contracted (rigor) state when: Group of answer choices ATP is hydrolyzed into forming ADP and inorganic phosphate. ATP binds to the myosin head. ADP is dissociated from the myosin head. ATP binds to the actin G-molecule.arrow_forwardWhich of the following does not occur during the excitation contraction coupling of skeletal muscle? Opening of ryanodine receptor calcium channels Calcium binding to troponin Tropomyosin shifting away from myosin binding sites on the actin An end plate potentialarrow_forwardWhich of the following does not occur during muscle contraction? Release of calcium into sarcoplasm Unmasking of myosin binding sites on actin Binding of ATP on actin head Shortening of sarcomerearrow_forward
- Which of the following statements regarding summation in skeletal muscle fibers is true? Incomplete tetanus allows complete relaxation between stimulation of successive twitches Complete tetanus does not have any relaxation between stimulation of successive twitches All of these are correct The development of force in a muscle twitch is all or nonearrow_forwardIndicate which of the following are true. Chronically shortened muscles will lose sarcomeres in series in order to maintain ideal amounts of myofilament overlap. Contractile force is proportional to the length of a muscle. Muscle organ contraction is all or nothing. Muscle cells are surrounded by an endomysium. Actin is the thick filament and Z-lines are where the cross-bridges zig-zag to adjacent actin filaments. Muscles with fewer motor units are weaker, i.e., capable of less force. A nerve impulse, calcium, and ATP are necessary for muscle contraction. Tendons attach bones to bones and help to limit the range of motion at joints. Muscle tissue is very dynamic and will respond to chronic stress by becoming stronger (making more myofilaments), chronic contraction by becoming shorter (losing sarcomeres in series), and stretching by becoming longer (adding sarcomeres in series). Myofilaments are actually long strands of proteins.arrow_forwardThe power stroke in muscle contraction is the: Group of answer choices product of force and velocity in muscle contraction transmission of the action potential down the neuron rotation of the myosin head after the cross bridge forms transmission of the action potential down the neuronarrow_forward
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