Structure of the enamine need to be identified along with the observed enantiomeric excess of 83% obtained when enamine is treated with methyl iodide followed by hydrolysis need to be explained. Concept introduction: When an optically pure amine is treated with a ketone an enamine is formed. If the ketone considered is a symmetrical one then only one isomer is formed. If it is not symmetrical then more isomers are formed.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 21, Problem 109IP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structure of the enamine need to be identified along with the observed enantiomeric excess of 83% obtained when enamine is treated with methyl iodide followed by hydrolysis need to be explained.

Concept introduction:

When an optically pure amine is treated with a ketone an enamine is formed. If the ketone considered is a symmetrical one then only one isomer is formed.

If it is not symmetrical then more isomers are formed.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structure of the enamine need to be identified along with the observed enantiomeric excess of 83% obtained when enamine is treated with methyl iodide followed by hydrolysis need to be explained.

Concept introduction:

When an electrophile(methyl iodide) attacks the optically active enamine, the attack of the methyl group will be substituted where there is less steric hindrance forming the product.

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A small artisanal cheesemaker is testing the acidity of their milk before it coagulates. During fermentation, bacteria produce lactic acid (K₁ = 1.4 x 104), a weak acid that helps to curdle the milk and develop flavor. The cheesemaker has measured that the developing mixture contains lactic acid at an initial concentration of 0.025 M. Your task is to calculate the pH of this mixture and determine whether it meets the required acidity for proper cheese development. To achieve the best flavor, texture and reduce/control microbial growth, the pH range needs to be between pH 4.6 and 5.0. Assumptions: Lactic acid is a monoprotic acid H H :0:0: H-C-C H :0: O-H Figure 1: Lewis Structure for Lactic Acid For simplicity, you can use the generic formula HA to represent the acid You can assume lactic acid dissociation is in water as milk is mostly water. Temperature is 25°C 1. Write the K, expression for the dissociation of lactic acid in the space provided. Do not forget to include state symbols.…

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 21, Problem 109IP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structure of the enamine need to be identified along with the observed enantiomeric excess of 83% obtained when enamine is treated with methyl iodide followed by hydrolysis need to be explained.

Concept introduction:

When an optically pure amine is treated with a ketone an enamine is formed. If the ketone considered is a symmetrical one then only one isomer is formed.

If it is not symmetrical then more isomers are formed.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structure of the enamine need to be identified along with the observed enantiomeric excess of 83% obtained when enamine is treated with methyl iodide followed by hydrolysis need to be explained.

Concept introduction:

When an electrophile(methyl iodide) attacks the optically active enamine, the attack of the methyl group will be substituted where there is less steric hindrance forming the product.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 21, Problem 109IP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structure of the enamine need to be identified along with the observed enantiomeric excess of 83% obtained when enamine is treated with methyl iodide followed by hydrolysis need to be explained.

Concept introduction:

When an optically pure amine is treated with a ketone an enamine is formed. If the ketone considered is a symmetrical one then only one isomer is formed.

If it is not symmetrical then more isomers are formed.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structure of the enamine need to be identified along with the observed enantiomeric excess of 83% obtained when enamine is treated with methyl iodide followed by hydrolysis need to be explained.

Concept introduction:

When an electrophile(methyl iodide) attacks the optically active enamine, the attack of the methyl group will be substituted where there is less steric hindrance forming the product.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 21, Problem 109IP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction