Principles of Human Physiology (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134169804
Author: Cindy L. Stanfield
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 20.3, Problem 1CTQ
Which enzyme breaks down lactose, and where is it located?
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Kinetics: One-Compartment First-Order Absorption
1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple routes of administration provides greater insight than a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250-g rats following bolus IV, oral (PO), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.
Using this data and set of graphs, determine:(calculate for each variable)
(a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data
(b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data
c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data
(d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip
(e)absolute ip bioavailability, Fip
(f) absolute po bioavailability, Fpo
3. A promising new drug is being evaluated in human trials. Based on preliminary human tests, this drug is most effective when plasma levels exceed 30 mg/L. Measurements from preliminary tests indicate the following human pharmacokinetic parameter values: t1/2,elim = 4.6hr, t1/2,abs = 0.34hr, VD = 0.29 L/kg, Foral = 72%. Based on these parameters, estimate the following if a 49 kg woman were to receive a 1000mg oral dose of this drug:
(a) Estimate the plasma concentration of the drug at 1hr, 6 hr, and 20hr after taking the drug ( Concentration estimate)
(b) Estimate the time for maximum plasma concentration (tmax).
(c) Estimate the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax).
(d) Estimate the time at which the plasma level first rises above 30 mg/L. (Note this is a trial and error problem where you must guess a time, plug it into the concentration equation, and determine if it is close to 30 mg/L. Hint: based on part (a) it should be apparent that the answer is less than 1hr.)
(e)…
Chapter 20 Solutions
Principles of Human Physiology (6th Edition)
Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 20.1.1QCCh. 20.2 - Prob. 20.1.2QCCh. 20.2 - Prob. 20.1.3QCCh. 20.2 - Prob. 1CTQCh. 20.2 - Prob. 2CTQCh. 20.2 - Prob. 3CTQCh. 20.2 - Prob. 20.2.1QCCh. 20.2 - Prob. 20.2.2QCCh. 20.2 - Prob. 20.2.3QCCh. 20.2 -
Name the three pairs of major salivary glands....
Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 20.3.2QCCh. 20.2 - Prob. 20.3.3QCCh. 20.3 - Which enzyme breaks down lactose, and where is it...Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 2CTQCh. 20.3 - Prob. 3CTQCh. 20.3 - Prob. 20.4.1QCCh. 20.3 - Prob. 20.4.2QCCh. 20.3 -
Are absorbed fats transported directly into the...Ch. 20.3 - What role do bile salts play in the digestion of...Ch. 20.4 - Prob. 20.5.1QCCh. 20.4 - Prob. 20.5.2QCCh. 20.4 - To what do the terms cephalic phase, gastric...Ch. 20.4 - Prob. 20.5.4QCCh. 20.5 - Prob. 20.6.1QCCh. 20.5 - Prob. 20.6.2QCCh. 20.5 - Prob. 20.6.3QCCh. 20.6 - Prob. 20.7.1QCCh. 20.6 - Prob. 20.7.2QCCh. 20.6 - Prob. 20.7.3QCCh. 20.6 - Prob. 1CTQCh. 20.6 - Prob. 2CTQCh. 20.6 - Prob. 3CTQCh. 20 - Prob. 1ECh. 20 -
Blockage Of the flow of bile into the duodenum...Ch. 20 - Which of the following is an accurate statement...Ch. 20 - Prob. 4ECh. 20 - Prob. 5ECh. 20 - Prob. 6ECh. 20 - Prob. 7ECh. 20 - Prob. 8ECh. 20 - Prob. 9ECh. 20 - Prob. 10ECh. 20 - Prob. 11ECh. 20 - Prob. 12ECh. 20 - Prob. 13ECh. 20 - Receptive relaxation is an example of...Ch. 20 -
The (submucosal/myenteric) nerve plexus is...Ch. 20 -
The is the outermost layer of the...Ch. 20 - Prob. 17ECh. 20 - Prob. 18ECh. 20 - Prob. 19ECh. 20 - Prob. 20ECh. 20 - Prob. 21ECh. 20 - Prob. 22ECh. 20 - Prob. 23ECh. 20 - Prob. 24ECh. 20 - Chewing is under voluntary control but is also...Ch. 20 - Prob. 26ECh. 20 - Prob. 27ECh. 20 -
When chyme moves from the stomach to the small...Ch. 20 -
Describe the structural adaptations of the small...Ch. 20 - Prob. 30ECh. 20 - Prob. 31ECh. 20 - Prob. 32ECh. 20 - Prob. 33ECh. 20 - Prob. 34E
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- List substitutions in your diet you could make to improve it based on what you know now about a balanced diet. For instance, if you like to drink soda, you might substitute skim milk or water for some of the soft drinks you consumed. List the item you wish to replace with the new item and what you hope to accomplish with that substitution. Be sure to choose foods you know that you'd enjoy and you consider more "healthful." If you feel your diet is already balanced, describe how you accomplish your balanced intake and when you began eating this way.arrow_forwardWhich single food item contained you ate for the 3 days with the most sodium?arrow_forwardSelect a diet and choose one site that provides credible information. Explain why the source itself and/or the information on the site is credible. This should be a report. This site should be different from U.S News and World Report. For full credit, you must include the following information and elaborate in detail: The diet name The main components of the diet The credible website name and link What makes the credible website credible?arrow_forward
- Select a diet and give a summary of the main components. Do a web search of the diet and choose one link that provides misinformation. Explain why the site itself and/or the information on the site is not credible. This should be a report. This site should be different from U.S News and World Report. For full credit, you must include the following information and elaborate in detail: The diet name The main components of the diet The misinformation website and link What misinformation is being provided in the other website and how did you determine it was not credible?arrow_forward1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple different routes of administration provides greater insight than just a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250 g rats following bolus iv, oral (po), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.Using this data and set of graphs, determine: (a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data (b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data (c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data (d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip (e) absolute po bioavailability, (f)Fpo absolute ip bioavailability, Fip MAKE SURE ANSWERS HAVE UNITS if appropriate. SHOW ALL WORK, including equation used, variables used and each step to your solution.arrow_forward2. Drug quantification from plasma is commonly performed by using techniques such as HPLC or LC/MS. However, these methods do have limitations, and investigators may choose to use a radiolabeled analog of a drug instead. Radioligands are molecules that contain radioactive isotopes, commonly 3H or 14C. This technique allows investigators to quantify drug concentration from radiation measurements. The following measurements were made in 250 g rats following oral administration of 18.2 µCi of a 14C-labeled drug of interest: Time (min) Plasma Radiation Levels (µCi/L) 0 0.0 2 9.7 4 19.2 7 25.3 9 37.8 12 39.6 14 45.8 17 48.8 20 52.0 25 56.4 30 59.2 35 60.1 40 61.1 45 62.1 50 62.8 60 63.1 70 62.1 80 60.1 90 57.3 100 55.5 110 53.7 120 52.2 150 48.0 180 45.0 240 39.0 Note that a µCi is a measure of the amount of radioactivity and hence is a measure of the amount of drug present. Given that the oral bioavailability of this drug is known to be essentially 100%, estimate the following from this…arrow_forward
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