
Concept explainers
Introduction
Sodium helps to maintain the blood pressure of the body. It is also used by the nervous system for conduction of electrical signals from one part of the body to another. Fatty acids are one of the major sources of energy in the body and a key component of plasma layer of the cells. Vitamin A is essential for the healthy teeth and good vision.

Answer to Problem 1E
Correct answer
The correct answer is option (c).
Explanation of Solution
Explanation for the correct answer
Option (c) is given as they are transported into capillaries in the villi. The food is digested into simpler nutrients in the
Explanation for the incorrect options
Option (a) is given as they are not enzymatically modified prior to their absorption into the blood stream. Vitamin A does not undergo any transformation before absorption. Hence, option (a) is incorrect.
Option (b) is given as they cross the apical membrane of enterocytes by simple diffusion. The transport of sodium requires sodium/potassium ion channels and special membrane proteins or channels are required for the active transport of vitamin A. Hence, option (b) is incorrect.
Option (d) is given as they are all hydrophilic. Fatty acids do no interact with water and are therefore, hydrophobic. Same is true for vitamin A. It is fat soluble and does not interact with water. Hence, option (d) is incorrect.
Option (e) is given as All the above. Since, options (a), (b) and (d) are incorrect, option (e) is also wrong.
Fatty acids, vitamin A and sodium are absorbed in the small intestine through hair like outgrowths known as villi, which increases the surface area of the intestine for the sole purpose of absorption.
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Chapter 20 Solutions
Principles of Human Physiology (6th Edition)
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