The main types of cells and proteins of the immune system. Introduction: The immune system consists of different types of cells and specific proteins in the blood. It works to defend the body from external and internal threats. Such threats include injury from trauma as well aspathogens, such as bacteria, virus, fungi , and parasites. Immunity can be innate or adaptive, depending upon the specificity for pathogens.

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Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 20.2, Problem 4QC

Summary Introduction

To review:

The main types of cells and proteins of the immune system.

Introduction:

The immune system consists of different types of cells and specific proteins in the blood. It works to defend the body from external and internal threats. Such threats include injury from trauma as well aspathogens, such as bacteria, virus, fungi, and parasites. Immunity can be innate or adaptive, depending upon the specificity for pathogens.

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The diagram below illustrates a quorum sensing pathway from Staphylococcus aureus. Please answer the following questions. 1. Autoinduction is part of the quorum sensing system. Which promoter (P2 or P3) is critical for autoinduction? 2)This staphylococcus aureus grows on human wounds, causing severe infections. You would like to start a clinical trial to treat these wound infections. Please describe: a) What molecule do you recommend for the trial. Why? b) Your trial requires that Staphylococcus aureus be isolated from the wound and submitted to genome sequencing before admittance. Why? What are you testing for? 3) If a mutation arises where the Promoter P3 is constitutively active, how would that influence sensitivity to AIP? Please explain your rationale. 4) This pathway is sensitive to bacterial cell density. Describe two separate mutation that would render the pathway active independent of cell density. Briefly explain your rationale. Mutation 1 Mutation 2

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You have a bacterial strain with the CMU operon: a) As shown in the image below, the cmu operon encodes a peptide (Pep1), as well as a kinase and regulator corresponding to a two-component system. The cmu operon is activated when Pep 1 is added to the growth media. Pep1 is a peptide that when added extracellularly leads to activation of the Cmu operon. Pep1 cmu-kinase cmu-regulator You also have these genetic components in other strains: b) An alternative sigma factor, with a promoter activated by the cmu-regulator, that control a series of multiple operons that together encode a transformasome (cellular machinery for transformation). c) the gene cl (a repressor). d) the promoter X, which includes a cl binding site (and in the absence of cl is active). e) the gene gp (encoding a green fluorescence protein). Using the cmu operon as a starting point, and assuming you can perform cloning to rearrange any of these genomic features, how would you use one or more of these to modify the…

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Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 20.2, Problem 4QC

Summary Introduction

To review:

The main types of cells and proteins of the immune system.

Introduction:

The immune system consists of different types of cells and specific proteins in the blood. It works to defend the body from external and internal threats. Such threats include injury from trauma as well aspathogens, such as bacteria, virus, fungi, and parasites. Immunity can be innate or adaptive, depending upon the specificity for pathogens.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 20.2, Problem 4QC

Summary Introduction

To review:

The main types of cells and proteins of the immune system.

Introduction:

The immune system consists of different types of cells and specific proteins in the blood. It works to defend the body from external and internal threats. Such threats include injury from trauma as well aspathogens, such as bacteria, virus, fungi, and parasites. Immunity can be innate or adaptive, depending upon the specificity for pathogens.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 20.2, Problem 4QC

Summary Introduction