Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321962751
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 20, Problem 9TYU
FOCUS ON EVOLUTION
Darwin suggested looking at a species' close relatives to learn what its ancestors may have been like. Explain how his suggestion anticipates recent methods, such as phylogenetic bracketing and the use or outgroups in cladistic analysts.
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Chapter 20 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 20.1 - Which levels of the classification in Figure 20.3...Ch. 20.1 - Which of the trees shown here depicts an...Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 20.2 - Decide whether each of the following pairs of...Ch. 20.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose that two species, A and B, have...Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 20.3 - The most parsimonious tree of evolutionary...Ch. 20.3 - WHAT IF? Draw a phylogenetic tree that includes...Ch. 20.4 - What is a molecular clock? What assumption...Ch. 20.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Review Concept 14.5. Then...
Ch. 20.4 - WHAT IF? Suppose a molecular clock dates the...Ch. 20.5 - Why is the kingdom Monera no longer considered a...Ch. 20.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 20.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 20 - In a comparison of birds and mammals, the...Ch. 20 - To apply parsimony to constructing a phylogenetic...Ch. 20 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 20 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 20 - If you were using cladistics to build a...Ch. 20 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 20 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY DRAW IT (a) Draw a phylogenetic...Ch. 20 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION Darwin suggested looking at a...Ch. 20 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 20 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE This West Indian manatee...
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- Directions: Read each question carefully and choose the letter of the best answer. 1. A phylogenetic system that defines groups by distinguishing between ancestral and derived characteristics. A. Cladistics B. Cladogram D. Taxonomy B. Phylogenetic tree 2. Traits that are old and have been retained from a common ancestor is called? A. Ancestral trait B. Derived trait B. Dichotomous trait D. Scientific trait 3. Based on Dichotomous key which one is Not correct? A. A dichotomous key is a method of identification whereby groups of organisms are divided into two categories repeatedly. B. The key branches split in two at each stage, it is called a dichotomous (from the Greek dicho meaning "in two" or "split" and tom, meaning “to cut") key. C. A tool that allows the user to determine the identity of items in the natural world, such as trees, wildflowers, mammals, reptiles, rocks, and fish. D. The process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and…arrow_forwardPlease find the correct answer answer C is not correct.arrow_forwardCompare and contrast Lamarckian and Darwinian theories of evolution. Give an example of each. Do not use any examples addressing: giraffes, elephants, birds or humans. Be detailed in your answerarrow_forward
- Which method provides the most accurate evidence for scientists to use when determining evolutionary relationships between two species of animals? identifying fossil patterns in rock strata where the animals live looking for similarities in the coloration and eating habits of the animals looking for similar vestigial structures in both species of animals comparing genetic sequences in the animals using samples of DNA 0000.arrow_forwardCLASSIFICATION AND EVOLUTION Caminalcules are imaginary animals invented by the evolutionary biologist Joseph Camin. In this lab exercise, you will construct an evolutionary tree of the Caminalcules using both the "living" species and the additional 57 "fossil" species. This illustrates how modern classification schemes attempt to reflect evolutionary history. In the process of doing this exercise you will be introduced to concepts such as convergent evolution and vestigial structures. The Phylogeny of Caminalcules Using a large sheet of paper or long size bond paper, construct a phylogenetic tree for the Caminalcules. Use a meter stick or ruler to draw 20 equally spaced horizontal lines on the paper. Each of the horizontal line will be used to indicate an interval of one million years. Label each line so that the one at the bottom of the paper represents an age of 19 million years and the top line represents the present (0 years). 1. Cut out all the Caminalcules (including the living…arrow_forwardWhich of the following is evidence that supports Darwin's theory of common descent? (Choose all that apply) There are patterns in the fossil record that suggest some species have diverged from a single ancestral species There are biogeographic patterns in the distribution of species, for instance, distinct bird species on an island tend to resemble one another, s ancestor There are common stages in the early embryological development of organisms in several distinct vertebrate groups. Anatomical structures, such as forelimbs, in different groups appear to be modified versions of structures that might have been present in a co Similar anatomical features in different organisms always indicated close common ancestryarrow_forward
- Match the correct label to locations A, B and C on the figure below. Evolutionary history, or phylogeny, is represented visually by a phylogenetic tree. Trees have a common structure, with a root, nodes, and branches. To determine evolutionary relationships among living or extinct organisms, consider the most recent common ancestors. Lizard C: Natural selection leads to new species or groups of species. Eu Jin Chew/Dreamstime.com Crocodile B: This is the common ancestor of all organisms on the tree. Infographic 16.10 Dinion for Channing World Third Edition Gert Vrey/Dreamstime.com Dinosaur (extinct) Time musk/Alamy Bird Danita Delimont/Alamy A: This is the last common ancestor of the organisms above this point in the tree (in this case, dinosaurs and birds).arrow_forwardA scientist is attempting to a cladogram that shows the evolutionary closeness of three organisms in relation to humansAfter doing DNA analysis, they that the organisms share the following percentages of DNA Organism A and humans share 85% of their DNA Organismn and humans share 80% of their DNA Organism and humans share 90% of their DNA Based on informationwhich order should they go on the cladogram ( related to most related ?arrow_forwardWhat are potential applications of cladistics and phylogenetics? Select all that apply. Assess the relatedness of different species and genera within a family of organisms Predict pathogen-host associations and potential disease risk in target populations Correlate evolutionary divergences among a species with the behavior and dispersal patterns of existing populations Assess the diversity of target species or groups for conservation effortsarrow_forward
- Cladistics & Natural Selection Use the table below to answer the following questions about the different species Species 2 Species 3 Spots Character Species 1 Character State White White White = 0 Black = 1 Color Grey = 2 Spots = 3 %3D Height Short Short Tall Short = 0 Tall = 1 Sticky Rough Sticky = 0 Rough = 1 Texture Soft %3! Soft = 2 Part 1: Which species is the basal species (outgroup)? Part 2: The dominant trait for texture for Species 2 is sticky and the recessive trait is soft. The allele frequency for the dominant allele is 0.15. Calculate the frequency for the recessive allele in this population.arrow_forwardA. Directions: Examine the following statements, then decide whichevidence of evolution does it supports. Choose whether biogeography,fossil records, molecular biology, structure, or embryology. 1. Vertebrates have tails at some point in their early development. 2. Difference in the beaks of finches found in Galapagos Island compared to those that are found in mainland. 3. Diversification of marsupials and absence of other mammals in Australia. 4. Remnants of ancient ferns that are found in the continents of Africa and South America.arrow_forwardCompare Lamarckian vs. Darwinian Evolution through illustration. You mayuse different animals of your interest.arrow_forward
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