Pearson eText Conceptual Physical Science -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134857107
Author: Paul Hewitt, John Suchocki
Publisher: PEARSON+
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Textbook Question
Chapter 20, Problem 77E
Why does magma composition change as it cools?
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Statistical thermodynamics. The number of imaginary replicas of a system of N particlesa) cannot be greater than Avogadro's numberb) must always be greater than Avogadro's number.c) has no relation to Avogadro's number.
Lab-Based Section
Use the following information to answer the lab based scenario.
A student performed an experiment in an attempt to determine the index of refraction of glass.
The student used a laser and a protractor to measure a variety of angles of incidence and
refraction through a semi-circular glass prism. The design of the experiment and the student's
results are shown below.
Angle of
Incidence (°)
Angle of
Refraction (º)
20
11
30
19
40
26
50
31
60
36
70
38
2a) By hand (i.e., without using computer software), create a linear graph on graph paper
using the student's data. Note: You will have to manipulate the data in order to achieve a
linear function.
2b) Graphically determine the index of refraction of the semi-circular glass prism, rounding your
answer to the nearest hundredth.
Use the following information to answer the next two questions.
A laser is directed at a prism made of zircon (n = 1.92) at an incident angle of 35.0°, as shown in
the diagram.
3a) Determine the critical angle of zircon.
35.0°
70°
55
55°
3b) Determine the angle of refraction when the laser beam leaves the prism.
Chapter 20 Solutions
Pearson eText Conceptual Physical Science -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Ch. 20 - How did density segregation contribute to Earth's...Ch. 20 - What three sources of heat contributed to the...Ch. 20 - What is the most abundant element for Earth as a...Ch. 20 - Prob. 4RCQCh. 20 - What is a mineral?Ch. 20 - What does inorganic in the definition of mineral?Ch. 20 - What physical properties are used to identify...Ch. 20 - Most mineral samples do not display their crystal...Ch. 20 - What is a polymorph?Ch. 20 - What is the difference between a silicate mineral...
Ch. 20 - Silicate minerals are subdivided into...Ch. 20 - What is the most abundant mineral in Earth's...Ch. 20 - Prob. 13RCQCh. 20 - What are two sources from which minerals...Ch. 20 - As minerals crystallize in cooling magma, which...Ch. 20 - When water evaporates from a body of water, what...Ch. 20 - Name the three major types of rocks and describe...Ch. 20 - What are the most common igneous rocks, and where...Ch. 20 - What is meant by partial melting?Ch. 20 - With respect to the silica content of the parent...Ch. 20 - What is the primary determining factor for a...Ch. 20 - In Earths interior, does temperature or decrease...Ch. 20 - Prob. 23RCQCh. 20 - What is a clastic sedimentary rock?Ch. 20 - What are the three most common clastic sedimentary...Ch. 20 - What is the most abundant carbonate rock?Ch. 20 - How are most carbonate rocks formed?Ch. 20 - What is metamorphism? What causes it?Ch. 20 - Distinguish between foliated and nonfoliated...Ch. 20 - In contact metamorphism, water-rich, low-melting...Ch. 20 - Gold has a density of 19.3 g/cm3. A 5-gal pail of...Ch. 20 - Prob. 37TASCh. 20 - Other than location, what is the primary...Ch. 20 - What do we call minerals that have the same...Ch. 20 - The factors that influence bond strength influence...Ch. 20 - Why is color not always the best way to identify a...Ch. 20 - While you are hiking in the wilderness, you find a...Ch. 20 - What makes gold so soft (easily scratched) while...Ch. 20 - Imagine that we have a liquid with a density of...Ch. 20 - Is cleavage the same thing as crystal form? Why or...Ch. 20 - For identifying metallic minerals, why is streak...Ch. 20 - How are minerals classified?Ch. 20 - Silicon is essential for the computer industry in...Ch. 20 - What two minerals make up most of the sand in the...Ch. 20 - What two mineral groups provide most of the ore...Ch. 20 - How are ferromagnesian silicates different from...Ch. 20 - What is an ore?Ch. 20 - If a rock contains mineral A (30% silica) and...Ch. 20 - If a rock contains mineral A (30% silica) and...Ch. 20 - If a magma contains molten forms of mineral A (30%...Ch. 20 - If a magma contains molten forms of mineral A (30%...Ch. 20 - If high-silica minerals are the last to...Ch. 20 - Which of these is a true statement about silicate...Ch. 20 - If a magma contains molten forms of quartz and...Ch. 20 - Are high-silica content minerals "easier" to melt...Ch. 20 - Prob. 71ECh. 20 - If a rock contains both quartz and pyroxene (a...Ch. 20 - Why is halite commonly the last mineral to...Ch. 20 - Is Earth's interior mostly magma? Explain.Ch. 20 - In which parts of Earth's crust (oceanic and/or...Ch. 20 - Are the Hawaiian Islands made up primarily of...Ch. 20 - Why does magma composition change as it cools?Ch. 20 - Is it possible for crystallization to enrich magma...Ch. 20 - Where does most magma originate?Ch. 20 - Prob. 80ECh. 20 - Prob. 81ECh. 20 - How do chemical sediments produce rock? Name two...Ch. 20 - Relate the shape and sorting of sand particles to...Ch. 20 - What general rock feature does a geologist look...Ch. 20 - What feature of clastic sedimentary rock enables...Ch. 20 - Prob. 86ECh. 20 - In what two ways does sediment turn into...Ch. 20 - In a conglomerate rock, why are pebbles of granite...Ch. 20 - Cite two examples of sedimentary rocks that...Ch. 20 - Prob. 90ECh. 20 - Prob. 91ECh. 20 - Can metamorphic rocks exist on an island of purely...Ch. 20 - What patterns of alteration are characteristic of...Ch. 20 - What are the two processes by which rock is...Ch. 20 - What properties of slate make it good roofing...Ch. 20 - Name two mica minerals that can give a metamorphic...Ch. 20 - How is foliation different from sedimentary...Ch. 20 - Why do we find folded and fractured rock layers in...Ch. 20 - What feature helps distinguish schist and gneiss...Ch. 20 - How does gneiss differ from granite?Ch. 20 - Why is schist so easily recognized?Ch. 20 - Which type(s) of rock is (are) made from...Ch. 20 - Which type(s) of rock is (are) made from...Ch. 20 - What is the difference between the minerals that...Ch. 20 - If the volcanic glass obsidian is not considered a...Ch. 20 - We have learned that silica content is a key...Ch. 20 - Which type of rock is most sought by petroleum...Ch. 20 - Prob. 107DQCh. 20 - The silicates are the largest mineral group...Ch. 20 - Compaction and cementation of sediments leads to...Ch. 20 - Why are silicon and oxygen concentrated near...Ch. 20 - Which minerals crystallize first from cooling...Ch. 20 - Prob. 5RATCh. 20 - In a sedimentary rock, the degree of particle...Ch. 20 - The characteristics of regional metamorphism...Ch. 20 - Prob. 8RATCh. 20 - What most strongly influences a minerals hardness?...Ch. 20 - Prob. 10RAT
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