(a)
Interpretation:
Whether the statement, “A radioactive element decays in the same way, whether or not the atom is
Concept introduction:
The elements whose nucleus decays spontaneously are known as radioactive elements. The decay is accompanied by the emission of alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays. All the elements which have an

Answer to Problem 60E
The statement, “A radioactive element decays in the same way, whether or not the atom is chemically bonded in a compound” is true.
Explanation of Solution
Radioactivity of an element is the property of its nucleus. It is not dependent on electronic configuration. As a result, a radioactive element decays in the same way when it is bonded in a compound as when it is unbonded. Therefore, the statement, “A radioactive element decays in the same way, whether or not the atom is chemically bonded in a compound” is true.
The given statement is true.`
(b)
Interpretation:
Whether the statement, “The chemical properties of a radioactive atom of an element are different from the chemical properties of the same element” is true or false is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The elements whose nucleus decays spontaneously are known as radioactive elements. The decay is accompanied by the emission of alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays. All the elements which have an atomic number greater than

Answer to Problem 60E
The statement, “The chemical properties of a radioactive atom of an element are different from the chemical properties of the same element” is false.
Explanation of Solution
Radioactivity of an element is the property of its nucleus.It is not dependent on electronic configuration. The chemical properties of an element depend upon the electronic configuration. It does not depend upon the nuclear structure. As a result, the chemical properties of a radioactive atom of an element is the same as that of the element. Therefore the statement, “The chemical properties of a radioactive atom of an element are different from the chemical properties of the same element” is false.
The given statement is false.
(c)
Interpretation:
Whether the statement, “
Concept introduction:
The elements whose nucleus decays spontaneously are known as radioactive elements. The decay is accompanied by the emission of alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays. All the elements which have an atomic number greater than

Answer to Problem 60E
The statement, “
Explanation of Solution
Alpha radiations are soft radiations. They have very little penetrating power. They consist of positively charged particles. Beta radiations have more penetrating power than alpha radiations. They consist of negatively charged particles. Therefore, the statement, “
The given statement is false.
(d)
Interpretation:
Whether the statement, “
Concept introduction:
The elements whose nucleus decays spontaneously are known as radioactive elements. The decay is accompanied by the emission of alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays. All the elements which have an atomic number greater than

Answer to Problem 60E
The statement, “
Explanation of Solution
Radioactive decay is a spontaneous disintegration process in which one unstable nucleus is converted to a stable nucleus with the emission of
The given statement is true.
(e)
Interpretation:
Whether the statement, “Radioactivity is a nuclear change that has no effect on the electrons in the nearby atoms” is true or false is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The elements whose nucleus decays spontaneously are known as radioactive elements. The decay is accompanied by the emission of alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays. All the elements which have an atomic number greater than

Answer to Problem 60E
The statement, “Radioactivity is a nuclear change that has no effect on the electrons in the nearby atoms” is false.
Explanation of Solution
Radioactivity of an element can ionize the nearby atoms. The ionization of the nearby atoms can change the electronic arrangement of the atoms. This means that the radioactivity has an effect on the electrons in the nearby atoms. Therefore, the statement, “Radioactivity is a nuclear change that has no effect on the electrons in the nearby atoms” is false.
The given statement is false.
(f)
Interpretation:
Whether the statement, “The number of protons in a nucleus changes when it emits a
Concept introduction:
The elements whose nucleus decays spontaneously are known as radioactive elements. The decay is accompanied by the emission of alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays. All the elements which have an atomic number greater than

Answer to Problem 60E
The statement, “The number of protons in a nucleus changes when it emits a
Explanation of Solution
The given statement is true.
(g)
Interpretation:
Whether the statement, “The mass number of a nucleus changes in an alpha emission but not in a beta emission” is true or false is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The elements whose nucleus decays spontaneously are known as radioactive elements. The decay is accompanied by the emission of alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays. All the elements which have an atomic number greater than

Answer to Problem 60E
The statement, “The mass number of a nucleus changes in an alpha emission but not in a beta emission” is true.
Explanation of Solution
The
The statement, “The mass number of a nucleus changes in an alpha emission but not in a beta emission” is true.
(h)
Interpretation:
Whether the statement, “Synthetic radioisotopes have no application in everyday life or industry; they are used only for scientific research purposes” is true or false is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The elements whose nucleus decays spontaneously are known as radioactive elements. The decay is accompanied by the emission of alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays. All the elements which have an atomic number greater than

Answer to Problem 60E
The statement, “Synthetic radioisotopes have no application in everyday life or industry; they are used only for scientific research purposes” is false.
Explanation of Solution
The given statement is false.
(i)
Interpretation:
Whether the statement, “The first transmutations were achieved by alchemists” is true or false is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The elements whose nucleus decays spontaneously are known as radioactive elements. The decay is accompanied by the emission of alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays. All the elements which have an atomic number greater than

Answer to Problem 60E
The statement, “The first transmutations were achieved by alchemists” is false.
Explanation of Solution
Transmutation is a type of nuclear reaction. It is the induced conversion of one element into the other. The experiments for transmutation were first carried out by Patrick Blackett between
The given statement is false.
(j)
Interpretation:
Whether the statement, “Radioisotopes can be made by bombarding a non-radioactive isotope with atomic nuclei or subatomic particle” is true or false is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The elements whose nucleus decays spontaneously are known as radioactive elements. The decay is accompanied by the emission of alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays. All the elements which have an atomic number greater than

Answer to Problem 60E
The statement, “Radioisotopes can be made by bombarding a non-radioactive isotope with atomic nuclei or subatomic particle” is true.
Explanation of Solution
Isotopes of an element have the same atomic number but a different mass number. The different mass number arises due to different number of neutrons. Isotopes of an element undergoing spontaneous nuclear reactions are known as radioisotopes. Radioisotopes can be made by bombarding a non-radioactive isotope. Therefore, the statement, “Radioisotopes can be made by bombarding a non-radioactive isotope with atomic nuclei or subatomic particle” is true.
The given statement is true.
(k)
Interpretation:
Whether the statement, “The atomic numbers of products of a fission reaction are smaller than the atomic number of the original nucleus” is true or false is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The elements whose nucleus decays spontaneously are known as radioactive elements. The decay is accompanied by the emission of alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays. All the elements which have an atomic number greater than

Answer to Problem 60E
The statement, “The atomic numbers of products of a fission reaction are smaller than the atomic number of the original nucleus” is true.
Explanation of Solution
In nuclear fission reactions, a larger nucleus splits to give two nuclei of smaller masses. The reaction is accompanied by the emission of heat. Therefore, the statement, “The atomic numbers of products of a fission reaction are smaller than the atomic number of the original nucleus” is true.
The given statement is true.
(l)
Interpretation:
Whether the statement, “Nuclear power plants are a safe source of electrical energy” is true or false is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The elements whose nucleus decays spontaneously are known as radioactive elements. The decay is accompanied by the emission of alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays. All the elements which have an atomic number greater than

Answer to Problem 60E
The statement, “Nuclear power plants are a safe source of electrical energy” is false.
Explanation of Solution
The disadvantages of using nuclear power plants over other electrical sources are extremely grave. The harmful effects of the accidental leaks, such as the accidental leak of radiation from the nuclear power plant in Chernobyl can be seen in the area even after
The given statement is false.
(m)
Interpretation:
Whether the statement, “The main obstacle for developing nuclear fusion as a source of electrical energy is a shortage of nuclei to serve as “fuel” ” is true or false is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The elements whose nucleus decays spontaneously are known as radioactive elements. The decay is accompanied by the emission of alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays. All the elements which have an atomic number greater than

Answer to Problem 60E
The statement, “The main obstacle for developing nuclear fusion as a source of electrical energy is a shortage of nuclei to serve as “fuel”” is false.
Explanation of Solution
Fusion reactions cannot be triggered internally. They require very high temperatures to commence. Suitable technologies to reach such high temperatures have not been developed yet. Therefore, the statement, “The main obstacle for developing nuclear fusion as a source of electrical energy is a shortage of nuclei to serve as “fuel”” is false.
The given statement is false.
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Chapter 20 Solutions
EBK INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY: AN ACTIVE L
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