Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics (4th Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780133942651
Author: Randall D. Knight (Professor Emeritus)
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 20, Problem 41EAP
Photons of light scatter off molecules, and the distance you can see through a gas is proportional to the mean free path of photons through the gas. Photons are not gas molecules, so the mean free path of a photon is not given by Equation 20.3, but its dependence on the number density of the gas and on the molecular radius is the same. Suppose you are in a smoggy city and can barely see buildings 500 m away.
a. How far would you be able to see if all the molecules around you suddenly doubled in volume?
b. How far would you be able to see if the temperature suddenly rose from 20°C to a blazing hot 1500°C with the pressure unchanged?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Suppose you have argon atoms in a sealed and isolated container, and they all have
the same speed of 4.2 x 10² m/s. The atoms then collide with one another until the
Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution is established.
a. What is the temperature of the gas at equilibrium?
b. What is the temperature at equilibrium if you would replace half of the argon
atoms by helium atoms?
There are lots of examples of ideal gases in the universe, and they exist in many different conditions. In this problem we will examine what the temperature of these various phenomena are.
a. Give an expression for the temperature of an ideal gas in terms of pressure P, particle density per unit volume ρ, and fundamental constants.
b. Near the surface of Venus, its atmosphere has a pressure fv= 95 times the pressure of Earth's atmosphere, and a particle density of around ρv = 1.1 × 1027 m-3. What is the temperature of Venus' atmosphere (in C) near the surface?
c. The Orion nebula is one of the brightest diffuse nebulae in the sky (look for it in the winter, just below the three bright stars in Orion's belt). It is a very complicated mess of gas, dust, young star systems, and brown dwarfs, but let's estimate its temperature if we assume it is a uniform ideal gas. Assume it is a sphere of radius r = 4.7 × 1015 m (around 6 light years) with a total mass 4000 times the mass of the…
a. Explain and solve the equation that explains the temperature deviation of a
spherical gas cloud in mutual magnetism of its molecules and subject to
the laws of thermodynamics.
Chapter 20 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics (4th Edition)
Ch. 20 - Prob. 1CQCh. 20 - Prob. 2CQCh. 20 - Prob. 3CQCh. 20 - Prob. 4CQCh. 20 - Prob. 5CQCh. 20 - Prob. 6CQCh. 20 - Prob. 7CQCh. 20 - Prob. 8CQCh. 20 - Prob. 9CQCh. 20 - Prob. 1EAP
Ch. 20 - Prob. 2EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 3EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 4EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 5EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 6EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 7EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 8EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 9EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 10EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 11EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 12EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 13EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 14EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 15EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 16EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 17EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 18EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 19EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 20EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 21EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 22EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 23EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 24EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 25EAPCh. 20 - A 10 g sample of neon gas has 1700 J of thermal...Ch. 20 - Prob. 27EAPCh. 20 - A 6.0 m × 8.0 m × 3.0 m room contains air at 20°C....Ch. 20 - Prob. 29EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 30EAPCh. 20 - .0 mol of a monatomic gas interacts thermally with...Ch. 20 - Prob. 32EAPCh. 20 - A rigid container holds 0.20 g of hydrogen gas....Ch. 20 - Prob. 34EAPCh. 20 - .0 mol of monatomic gas A interacts with 3.0 mol...Ch. 20 - Two containers hold several balls. Once a second,...Ch. 20 - Prob. 37EAPCh. 20 - From what height must an oxygen molecule fall in a...Ch. 20 - Dust particles are 10m in diameter. They are...Ch. 20 - Prob. 40EAPCh. 20 - Photons of light scatter off molecules, and the...Ch. 20 - Prob. 42EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 43EAPCh. 20 - a. Find an expression for the vrms of gas...Ch. 20 - Equation 20.3 is the mean free path of a particle...Ch. 20 - Uranium has two naturally occurring isotopes. 238U...Ch. 20 - On earth, STP is based on the average atmospheric...Ch. 20 - .0 × l023 nitrogen molecules collide with a 10 cm2...Ch. 20 - Prob. 49EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 50EAPCh. 20 - A 100 cm3 box contains helium at a pressure of 2.0...Ch. 20 - 2.0 g of helium at an initial temperature of 300 K...Ch. 20 - Prob. 53EAPCh. 20 - Scientists studying the behavior of hydrogen at...Ch. 20 - Prob. 55EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 56EAPCh. 20 - In the discussion following Equation 20.43 it was...Ch. 20 - Prob. 58EAPCh. 20 - n moles of a diatomic gas with Cv= 52 has initial...Ch. 20 - The 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded for...Ch. 20 - Prob. 61EAPCh. 20 - Prob. 62EAPCh. 20 - 63. moles of a monatomic gas and moles of a...Ch. 20 - Prob. 64EAPCh. 20 - 65. An experiment you're designing needs a gas...Ch. 20 - 66. Consider a container like that shown in...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The Sun radiates like a perfect black body with an emissivity of exactly 1. (a) Calculate the surface temperature of the Sun, given that it is a sphere with a 7.00108m radius that radiates 3.801026W into 3-K space. (b) How much power does the Sun radiate per square meter of its surface? (c) How much power in watts per square meter is that value at the distance of Earth, 1.501011m away? (This number is called the solar constant.)arrow_forwardIn the text, it was shown that N/V=2.681025m3 for gas at STP. (a) Show that this quantity is equivalent to N/V=2.681019cm3, as stated. (b) About how many atoms are mere in one m3 (a cubic micrometer) at STP? (c) What does your answer to part (b) imply about the separation of Mama and molecules?arrow_forwardA cylinder contains a mixture of helium and argon gas in equilibrium at 150C. (a) What is the average kinetic energy for each type of gas molecule? (b) What is the rms speed of each type of molecule?arrow_forward
- a. Compute the specific heat capacity at constant volume of nitrogen (N2) gas. The molar mass of N2 is 28.0 g/mol. b. You warm 1.15 kg of water at a constant 1L volume from 20∘C to 30∘C in a kettle. For the same amount of heat, how many kilograms of 20∘C air would you be able to warm to 30∘C? Make the simplifying assumption that air is 100% N2. What volume would this air occupy at 20∘C and a pressure of 1 atm ?arrow_forwardQ3.arrow_forwardP1. Consider a gas of oxygen atoms (µo, = 32 g/mol). What should the temperature of the gas be for the mean square speed of the atoms to be v = 100 m/s? While keeping the temperature the same as before, what should the pressure of the gas be for a container of volume V = 51 to be able to contain m = 1 kg of oxygen? How much does the temperature of the gas increase if the container is dropped on the ground at a speed of u = 2 m/s? You may neglect thermal conduction with the outside.arrow_forward
- Much of the gas near the Sun is hydrogen nuclei. Its temperature would have to be 1.5 × 107 K for the rms speed to equal the escape speed from the Sun. a. What is that velocity, in meters per second?arrow_forwarda. A copper bar is 1.0m long at 20 degrees celcius. At what temperature by 1.0 mm. b. A steel tape is calibrated at 20 degrees celcius. On a cold day when the temperature is -15 degress celcius , what will be the percent error in the tape?arrow_forward1. Average atomic and molecular speeds (vrms) are large, even at low temperatures. What is vrms (in m/s) for helium atoms at 6.00 K, just two degrees above helium's liquefaction temperature? 2. The escape velocity from the Moon is much smaller than from Earth and is only 2.38 km/s. At what temperature (in K) would hydrogen molecules (molar mass is equal to 2.016 g/mol) have an average velocity vrms equal to the Moon's escape velocity? 3.Hydrogen molecules (molar mass is equal to 2.016 g/mol) have an average velocity vrms equal to 239 m/s. What is the temperature (in K)?arrow_forward
- Suppose we have a macroscopic amount (~ moles) of argon gas in thermodynamic equilibrium at STP conditions. In this case, the velocities of the gas atoms follow the Maxwell and Boltzmann distribution with very good accuracy. Which of the following statements is/are true? Select one or more: a. When heating a gas, the ratio of the average speed of the molecules to the most probable speed increases. b.Heating the gas would lead to a shift of the most probable speed of the momentum distribution to a lower value, while the relative number of high-speed atoms would increase. c. Replacing argon atoms with helium atoms would lead to a momentum distribution in equilibrium, the most probable momentum of which would shift to a higher value and the relative number of high-speed atoms would increase.arrow_forward2. Consider a monatomic gas in a 2-dimensional box with a rectangular area A. The velocity distribution for this gas is given by (you do not need to prove this): {-m (C +C)/ 2kT} f (C,,C,)=A e Find: A, the speed distribution, and the mean speed, C.arrow_forwardI just need help with part D Problem 6: There are lots of examples of ideal gases in the universe, and they exist in many different conditions. In this problem we will examine what the temperature of these various phenomena are. Part (a) Give an expression for the temperature of an ideal gas in terms of pressure P, particle density per unit volume ρ, and fundamental constants. Answer: T = P/( ρ kB ) Part (b) Near the surface of Venus, its atmosphere has a pressure fv= 96 times the pressure of Earth's atmosphere, and a particle density of around ρv = 0.92 × 1027 m-3. What is the temperature of Venus' atmosphere (in C) near the surface? Answer: Tv = 490.55 Part (c) The Orion nebula is one of the brightest diffuse nebulae in the sky (look for it in the winter, just below the three bright stars in Orion's belt). It is a very complicated mess of gas, dust, young star systems, and brown dwarfs, but let's estimate its temperature if we assume it is a uniform ideal gas. Assume it is a…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...PhysicsISBN:9781133939146Author:Katz, Debora M.Publisher:Cengage Learning
College PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781938168000Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger HinrichsPublisher:OpenStax College
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and EngineersPhysicsISBN:9781337553278Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...PhysicsISBN:9781337553292Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...PhysicsISBN:9781305116399Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...
Physics
ISBN:9781133939146
Author:Katz, Debora M.
Publisher:Cengage Learning
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781938168000
Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher:OpenStax College
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Physics
ISBN:9781133104261
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers
Physics
ISBN:9781337553278
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...
Physics
ISBN:9781337553292
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...
Physics
ISBN:9781305116399
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Heat Transfer: Crash Course Engineering #14; Author: CrashCourse;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YK7G6l_K6sA;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY