Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134396026
Author: Frederic H. Martini, Judi L. Nath, Edwin F. Bartholomew
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 20, Problem 3RQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The heart walls from deep in to the outer superficial area are the endocardium, myocardium and the pericardium. The serous pericardium (two layered) consists of the visceral and parietal layer.
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19. On the diagram below
a. Label the three pictures as: DNA; polypeptide; or RNA.
b. Label the arrows as: translation or transcription/RNA processing.
c. Add the following details to the diagram.
Promoter region
TATA box
Transcription start site
Transcription terminator
Intron (A,B,C,D)
Exons (1,2,3,4,5)
Splice sites
5' cap
5' UTR (untranslated region)
3' poly A tail
3' UTR (untranslated region)
Translational start (AUG)
Translational stop (UGA, UAG, or UAA)
N and C ends of polypeptide
0000
Match the letter labels in the figure below to the terms. Some letter
labels are not used.
MNNNNNNIN
M
C
B
A
M
D
F
E
H
K
G
8
The diagram below illustrates a quorum sensing pathway from Staphylococcus aureus. Please answer the following questions.
1. Autoinduction is part of the quorum sensing system. Which promoter (P2 or P3) is critical for autoinduction?
2)This staphylococcus aureus grows on human wounds, causing severe infections. You would like to start a clinical trial to treat these wound infections. Please describe:
a) What molecule do you recommend for the trial. Why?
b) Your trial requires that Staphylococcus aureus be isolated from the wound and submitted to genome sequencing before admittance. Why? What are you testing for?
3) If a mutation arises where the Promoter P3 is constitutively active, how would that influence sensitivity to AIP? Please explain your rationale.
4) This pathway is sensitive to bacterial cell density. Describe two separate mutation that would render the pathway active independent of cell density. Briefly explain your rationale.
Mutation 1
Mutation 2
Chapter 20 Solutions
Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 20 - Prob. 1CPCh. 20 - Prob. 2CPCh. 20 - Why is the left ventricle more muscular than the...Ch. 20 - Define autorhythmicity.Ch. 20 - Which structure of the heart is known as the...Ch. 20 - Prob. 6CPCh. 20 - Why is it important for impulses from the atria to...Ch. 20 - Give the technical terms for heart contraction and...Ch. 20 - List the phases of the cardiac cycle.Ch. 20 - Is the heart always pumping blood when pressure in...
Ch. 20 - What could cause an increase in the size of the...Ch. 20 - Define cardiac output.Ch. 20 - Prob. 13CPCh. 20 - Prob. 14CPCh. 20 - Prob. 15CPCh. 20 - Prob. 16CPCh. 20 - Prob. 17CPCh. 20 - The great cardiac vein drains blood from the heart...Ch. 20 - The autonomic centers for cardiac function are...Ch. 20 - Prob. 3RQCh. 20 - The simple squamous epithelium covering the heart...Ch. 20 - The heart is surrounded by the (a) pleural cavity,...Ch. 20 - The cardiac skeleton of the heart has which two of...Ch. 20 - Cardiac output is equal to the (a) difference...Ch. 20 - Identify the superficial structures in the...Ch. 20 - Identify the structures in the following diagram...Ch. 20 - During diastole, a chamber of the heart (a)...Ch. 20 - During the cardiac cycle, the amount of blood...Ch. 20 - What role do the chordae tendineae and papillary...Ch. 20 - Describe the three distinct layers that make up...Ch. 20 - What are the valves in the heart, and what is the...Ch. 20 - Trace the normal pathway of an electrical impulse...Ch. 20 - What is the cardiac cycle? What phases and events...Ch. 20 - What three factors regulate stroke volume to...Ch. 20 - The cells of the conducting system differ from the...Ch. 20 - Which of the following is longer? (a) the...Ch. 20 - If the papillary muscles fail to contract, (a) the...Ch. 20 - Cardiac output cannot increase indefinitely...Ch. 20 - Describe the function of the SA node in the...Ch. 20 - What are the sources and significance of the four...Ch. 20 - Differentiate between stroke volume and cardiac...Ch. 20 - What factors influence cardiac output?Ch. 20 - What effect does sympathetic stimulation have on...Ch. 20 - Describe the effects of epinephrine,...Ch. 20 - Vern is suffering from cardiac arrhythmias and is...Ch. 20 - Harvey has a heart murmur in his left ventricle...Ch. 20 - The following measurements were made on two...Ch. 20 - Prob. 31RQCh. 20 - Prob. 1CCCh. 20 - Prob. 2CC
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