Concept explainers
Videos
(a)
Interpretation:
The relationship between restriction enzymes, hybridization, electrophoresis, and gene cloning has to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
The recombinant gene technology involves the synthesis of DNA hybrids with the use of restriction enzymes or endonucleases. After digestion with endonucleases, the fragments thus separated are analyzed by electrophoresis. The DNA cloning tools are essential for gene cloning and are developed during the recombinant DNA studies.
(b)
Interpretation:
The relationship between the components of DNA (nitrogenous bases, 2′-deoxyribose, and phosphoryl groups) and the three-dimensional structure of the DNA molecules have to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
Each nucleotide consists of sugar that is either ribose or deoxyribose, one of the nitrogenous bases, and one or more phosphoryl groups. The only difference is the presence of hydrogen atom at the 2’ position in case of deoxyribose compared to ribose.
The nucleotide that contains the ribose sugar is termed as ribonucleotide while the one that has deoxyribose sugar is termed as deoxyribonucleotide. DNA is a
(c)
Interpretation:
The relationship of the sequences of nucleotides in a DNA molecule and the sequence of amino acids in a protein has to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
Proteins are considered the most abundant macromolecules in the cell. Proteins, carbohydrate, and fat are an energy source in the diet. They can be oxidized to provide energy to the body. Also, amino acids are generated in the digestion process of proteins. These amino acids are used in the biosynthesis of new cellular protein and many important nitrogen compounds such as heme group, DNA, RNA.
DNA is a polymer of nucleotides and consist of deoxyribose sugar unit. Each nucleotide consists of sugar that is either ribose or deoxyribose, one of the nitrogenous bases, and one or more phosphoryl groups. The genetic code illustrates all the possible codons along with the amino acids they code for.
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Chapter 20 Solutions
GENERAL,ORGANIC,+BIOCHEMISTRY(LL)-PKG
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