The relationship between restriction enzymes, hybridization, electrophoresis, and gene cloning has to be explained. Concept Introduction: The recombinant gene technology involves the synthesis of DNA hybrids with the use of restriction enzymes or endonucleases. After digestion with endonucleases, the fragments thus separated are analyzed by electrophoresis. The DNA cloning tools are essential for gene cloning and are developed during the recombinant DNA studies.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 3MCP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relationship between restriction enzymes, hybridization, electrophoresis, and gene cloning has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The recombinant gene technology involves the synthesis of DNA hybrids with the use of restriction enzymes or endonucleases. After digestion with endonucleases, the fragments thus separated are analyzed by electrophoresis. The DNA cloning tools are essential for gene cloning and are developed during the recombinant DNA studies.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relationship between the components of DNA (nitrogenous bases, 2′-deoxyribose, and phosphoryl groups) and the three-dimensional structure of the DNA molecules have to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Each nucleotide consists of sugar that is either ribose or deoxyribose, one of the nitrogenous bases, and one or more phosphoryl groups. The only difference is the presence of hydrogen atom at the 2’ position in case of deoxyribose compared to ribose.

The nucleotide that contains the ribose sugar is termed as ribonucleotide while the one that has deoxyribose sugar is termed as deoxyribonucleotide. DNA is a polymer of nucleotides and consist of deoxyribose sugar unit.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relationship of the sequences of nucleotides in a DNA molecule and the sequence of amino acids in a protein has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Proteins are considered the most abundant macromolecules in the cell. Proteins, carbohydrate, and fat are an energy source in the diet. They can be oxidized to provide energy to the body. Also, amino acids are generated in the digestion process of proteins. These amino acids are used in the biosynthesis of new cellular protein and many important nitrogen compounds such as heme group, DNA, RNA.

DNA is a polymer of nucleotides and consist of deoxyribose sugar unit. Each nucleotide consists of sugar that is either ribose or deoxyribose, one of the nitrogenous bases, and one or more phosphoryl groups. The genetic code illustrates all the possible codons along with the amino acids they code for.

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CHEM2323 E Tt PS CH03 Draw and name all monobromo derivatives of pentane, C5H11Br. Problem 3-33 Name: Draw structures for the following: (a) 2-Methylheptane (d) 2,4,4-Trimethylheptane Problem 3-35 (b) 4-Ethyl-2,2-dimethylhexane (e) 3,3-Diethyl-2,5-dimethylnonane (c) 4-Ethyl-3,4-dimethyloctane 2 (f) 4-Isopropyl-3-methylheptane KNIE>

Problem 3-42 Consider 2-methylbutane (isopentane). Sighting along the C2-C3 bond: (a) Draw a Newman projection of the most stable conformation. (b) Draw a Newman projection of the least stable conformation. Problem 3-44 Construct a qualitative potential-energy diagram for rotation about the C-C bond of 1,2-dibromoethane. Which conformation would you expect to be most stable? Label the anti and gauche conformations of 1,2- dibromoethane. Problem 3-45 Which conformation of 1,2-dibromoethane (Problem 3-44) would you expect to have the largest dipole moment? The observed dipole moment of 1,2-dibromoethane is µ = 1.0 D. What does this tell you about the actual conformation of the molecule?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 3MCP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relationship between restriction enzymes, hybridization, electrophoresis, and gene cloning has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The recombinant gene technology involves the synthesis of DNA hybrids with the use of restriction enzymes or endonucleases. After digestion with endonucleases, the fragments thus separated are analyzed by electrophoresis. The DNA cloning tools are essential for gene cloning and are developed during the recombinant DNA studies.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relationship between the components of DNA (nitrogenous bases, 2′-deoxyribose, and phosphoryl groups) and the three-dimensional structure of the DNA molecules have to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Each nucleotide consists of sugar that is either ribose or deoxyribose, one of the nitrogenous bases, and one or more phosphoryl groups. The only difference is the presence of hydrogen atom at the 2’ position in case of deoxyribose compared to ribose.

The nucleotide that contains the ribose sugar is termed as ribonucleotide while the one that has deoxyribose sugar is termed as deoxyribonucleotide. DNA is a polymer of nucleotides and consist of deoxyribose sugar unit.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relationship of the sequences of nucleotides in a DNA molecule and the sequence of amino acids in a protein has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Proteins are considered the most abundant macromolecules in the cell. Proteins, carbohydrate, and fat are an energy source in the diet. They can be oxidized to provide energy to the body. Also, amino acids are generated in the digestion process of proteins. These amino acids are used in the biosynthesis of new cellular protein and many important nitrogen compounds such as heme group, DNA, RNA.

DNA is a polymer of nucleotides and consist of deoxyribose sugar unit. Each nucleotide consists of sugar that is either ribose or deoxyribose, one of the nitrogenous bases, and one or more phosphoryl groups. The genetic code illustrates all the possible codons along with the amino acids they code for.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 3MCP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relationship between restriction enzymes, hybridization, electrophoresis, and gene cloning has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The recombinant gene technology involves the synthesis of DNA hybrids with the use of restriction enzymes or endonucleases. After digestion with endonucleases, the fragments thus separated are analyzed by electrophoresis. The DNA cloning tools are essential for gene cloning and are developed during the recombinant DNA studies.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relationship between the components of DNA (nitrogenous bases, 2′-deoxyribose, and phosphoryl groups) and the three-dimensional structure of the DNA molecules have to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Each nucleotide consists of sugar that is either ribose or deoxyribose, one of the nitrogenous bases, and one or more phosphoryl groups. The only difference is the presence of hydrogen atom at the 2’ position in case of deoxyribose compared to ribose.

The nucleotide that contains the ribose sugar is termed as ribonucleotide while the one that has deoxyribose sugar is termed as deoxyribonucleotide. DNA is a polymer of nucleotides and consist of deoxyribose sugar unit.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relationship of the sequences of nucleotides in a DNA molecule and the sequence of amino acids in a protein has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Proteins are considered the most abundant macromolecules in the cell. Proteins, carbohydrate, and fat are an energy source in the diet. They can be oxidized to provide energy to the body. Also, amino acids are generated in the digestion process of proteins. These amino acids are used in the biosynthesis of new cellular protein and many important nitrogen compounds such as heme group, DNA, RNA.

DNA is a polymer of nucleotides and consist of deoxyribose sugar unit. Each nucleotide consists of sugar that is either ribose or deoxyribose, one of the nitrogenous bases, and one or more phosphoryl groups. The genetic code illustrates all the possible codons along with the amino acids they code for.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 3MCP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relationship between restriction enzymes, hybridization, electrophoresis, and gene cloning has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The recombinant gene technology involves the synthesis of DNA hybrids with the use of restriction enzymes or endonucleases. After digestion with endonucleases, the fragments thus separated are analyzed by electrophoresis. The DNA cloning tools are essential for gene cloning and are developed during the recombinant DNA studies.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relationship between the components of DNA (nitrogenous bases, 2′-deoxyribose, and phosphoryl groups) and the three-dimensional structure of the DNA molecules have to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Each nucleotide consists of sugar that is either ribose or deoxyribose, one of the nitrogenous bases, and one or more phosphoryl groups. The only difference is the presence of hydrogen atom at the 2’ position in case of deoxyribose compared to ribose.

The nucleotide that contains the ribose sugar is termed as ribonucleotide while the one that has deoxyribose sugar is termed as deoxyribonucleotide. DNA is a polymer of nucleotides and consist of deoxyribose sugar unit.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relationship of the sequences of nucleotides in a DNA molecule and the sequence of amino acids in a protein has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Proteins are considered the most abundant macromolecules in the cell. Proteins, carbohydrate, and fat are an energy source in the diet. They can be oxidized to provide energy to the body. Also, amino acids are generated in the digestion process of proteins. These amino acids are used in the biosynthesis of new cellular protein and many important nitrogen compounds such as heme group, DNA, RNA.

DNA is a polymer of nucleotides and consist of deoxyribose sugar unit. Each nucleotide consists of sugar that is either ribose or deoxyribose, one of the nitrogenous bases, and one or more phosphoryl groups. The genetic code illustrates all the possible codons along with the amino acids they code for.

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Answer 5

Chapter 20, Problem 3MCP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relationship between restriction enzymes, hybridization, electrophoresis, and gene cloning has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The recombinant gene technology involves the synthesis of DNA hybrids with the use of restriction enzymes or endonucleases. After digestion with endonucleases, the fragments thus separated are analyzed by electrophoresis. The DNA cloning tools are essential for gene cloning and are developed during the recombinant DNA studies.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relationship between the components of DNA (nitrogenous bases, 2′-deoxyribose, and phosphoryl groups) and the three-dimensional structure of the DNA molecules have to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Each nucleotide consists of sugar that is either ribose or deoxyribose, one of the nitrogenous bases, and one or more phosphoryl groups. The only difference is the presence of hydrogen atom at the 2’ position in case of deoxyribose compared to ribose.

The nucleotide that contains the ribose sugar is termed as ribonucleotide while the one that has deoxyribose sugar is termed as deoxyribonucleotide. DNA is a polymer of nucleotides and consist of deoxyribose sugar unit.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relationship of the sequences of nucleotides in a DNA molecule and the sequence of amino acids in a protein has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Proteins are considered the most abundant macromolecules in the cell. Proteins, carbohydrate, and fat are an energy source in the diet. They can be oxidized to provide energy to the body. Also, amino acids are generated in the digestion process of proteins. These amino acids are used in the biosynthesis of new cellular protein and many important nitrogen compounds such as heme group, DNA, RNA.

DNA is a polymer of nucleotides and consist of deoxyribose sugar unit. Each nucleotide consists of sugar that is either ribose or deoxyribose, one of the nitrogenous bases, and one or more phosphoryl groups. The genetic code illustrates all the possible codons along with the amino acids they code for.

Answer 6

Chapter 20, Problem 3MCP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relationship between restriction enzymes, hybridization, electrophoresis, and gene cloning has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The recombinant gene technology involves the synthesis of DNA hybrids with the use of restriction enzymes or endonucleases. After digestion with endonucleases, the fragments thus separated are analyzed by electrophoresis. The DNA cloning tools are essential for gene cloning and are developed during the recombinant DNA studies.

Answer 7

Chapter 20, Problem 3MCP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relationship between restriction enzymes, hybridization, electrophoresis, and gene cloning has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The recombinant gene technology involves the synthesis of DNA hybrids with the use of restriction enzymes or endonucleases. After digestion with endonucleases, the fragments thus separated are analyzed by electrophoresis. The DNA cloning tools are essential for gene cloning and are developed during the recombinant DNA studies.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relationship between the components of DNA (nitrogenous bases, 2′-deoxyribose, and phosphoryl groups) and the three-dimensional structure of the DNA molecules have to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Each nucleotide consists of sugar that is either ribose or deoxyribose, one of the nitrogenous bases, and one or more phosphoryl groups. The only difference is the presence of hydrogen atom at the 2’ position in case of deoxyribose compared to ribose.

The nucleotide that contains the ribose sugar is termed as ribonucleotide while the one that has deoxyribose sugar is termed as deoxyribonucleotide. DNA is a polymer of nucleotides and consist of deoxyribose sugar unit.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relationship between the components of DNA (nitrogenous bases, 2′-deoxyribose, and phosphoryl groups) and the three-dimensional structure of the DNA molecules have to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Each nucleotide consists of sugar that is either ribose or deoxyribose, one of the nitrogenous bases, and one or more phosphoryl groups. The only difference is the presence of hydrogen atom at the 2’ position in case of deoxyribose compared to ribose.

The nucleotide that contains the ribose sugar is termed as ribonucleotide while the one that has deoxyribose sugar is termed as deoxyribonucleotide. DNA is a polymer of nucleotides and consist of deoxyribose sugar unit.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relationship of the sequences of nucleotides in a DNA molecule and the sequence of amino acids in a protein has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Proteins are considered the most abundant macromolecules in the cell. Proteins, carbohydrate, and fat are an energy source in the diet. They can be oxidized to provide energy to the body. Also, amino acids are generated in the digestion process of proteins. These amino acids are used in the biosynthesis of new cellular protein and many important nitrogen compounds such as heme group, DNA, RNA.

DNA is a polymer of nucleotides and consist of deoxyribose sugar unit. Each nucleotide consists of sugar that is either ribose or deoxyribose, one of the nitrogenous bases, and one or more phosphoryl groups. The genetic code illustrates all the possible codons along with the amino acids they code for.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relationship of the sequences of nucleotides in a DNA molecule and the sequence of amino acids in a protein has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Proteins are considered the most abundant macromolecules in the cell. Proteins, carbohydrate, and fat are an energy source in the diet. They can be oxidized to provide energy to the body. Also, amino acids are generated in the digestion process of proteins. These amino acids are used in the biosynthesis of new cellular protein and many important nitrogen compounds such as heme group, DNA, RNA.

DNA is a polymer of nucleotides and consist of deoxyribose sugar unit. Each nucleotide consists of sugar that is either ribose or deoxyribose, one of the nitrogenous bases, and one or more phosphoryl groups. The genetic code illustrates all the possible codons along with the amino acids they code for.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 20.1Q Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 20.2Q Ch. 20.4 - Prob. 20.3Q Ch. 20.4 - Prob. 20.4Q Ch. 20.5 - Prob. 20.5Q Ch. 20.5 - Prob. 20.6Q Ch. 20.6 - How are codons related to anticodons? Ch. 20.6 - Prob. 20.8Q Ch. 20.6 - Prob. 20.9Q Ch. 20.6 - Prob. 20.10Q

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