Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305073951
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 20, Problem 3CT
Summary Introduction
To explain: The mechanism of penicillin action in halting binary fission in bacteria.
Concept introduction: Bacteria propagate by binary fission which is a mode of asexual reproduction that involves splitting of the cell into two viable cells. Penicillin is the antibiotic that is widely used against gram-positive bacteria. It goes with the beta-lactam family primarily known for the inhibition of growth in the bacterial cells and ultimately ends in killing the bacteria. Penicillin specifically interrupts the peptidoglycan synthesis that is a principle component of the bacterial cell wall.
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Describe the process of binary fission in prokaryotes
A clinical microbiologist is studying a microbe that can cause infections and gastrointestinal disease in humans, and which can also survive and reproduce in mice. A dormant cyst form of the microbe infects human hosts through fecal-oral transmission if they come in contact with mouse droppings and don’t wash their hands before eating. The organism grows in long filaments when grown at 20-28 deg C, and forms round/ovoid cells when grown at temperatures above 28 deg C. Sexual reproduction (fusion of haploid gametes) occurs in both humans and mice. A cell wall is present, and cells contain nuclei. This microbe could be which of the following?
Bacterium
Fungus
Virus
Protozoan
Chapter 20 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 20 - Prob. 1SQCh. 20 - Prob. 2SQCh. 20 - Prob. 3SQCh. 20 - Prob. 4SQCh. 20 - __________ do not reproduce sexually. a....Ch. 20 - Prob. 6SQCh. 20 - Adapting to Host Defenses Surface proteins called...Ch. 20 - Prob. 2DAACh. 20 - Prob. 3DAACh. 20 - Adapting to Host Defenses Surface proteins called...
Ch. 20 - Prob. 7SQCh. 20 - Bacteria that serve as decomposers are ___ . a....Ch. 20 - Prob. 9SQCh. 20 - Formation of a(n) ___ allows some soil bacteria to...Ch. 20 - Prob. 11SQCh. 20 - Prob. 12SQCh. 20 - Which of these diseases is caused by bacteria? a....Ch. 20 - Prob. 14SQCh. 20 - Prob. 15SQCh. 20 - If a cut or scrape becomes infected,...Ch. 20 - The adenoviruses that cause colds do not have a...Ch. 20 - Prob. 3CTCh. 20 - Prob. 4CT
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- In Spirogyra, some cells in one of the two filaments become empty after conjugation. Give reason.arrow_forwardAn infectious disease research group is studying a microbe that can cause infections and gastrointestinal disease in humans, and which can also survive and reproduce in hamsters. A dormant cyst form of the microbe infects human hosts through fecal-oral transmission if they come in contact with hamster droppings and don’t wash their hands before eating. The organism exhibits active, motile morphological forms at other stages of its life cycle. Sexual reproduction (fusion of haploid gametes) occurs in the hamsters; only asexual reproduction occurs in humans. It has a nucleus, but does NOT have a cell wall. This microbe could be which of the following? Protozoan Fungus Bacterium Virusarrow_forwardThe most interesting bacterial group according to Dr. Bragg would be: The Deltaproteobacteria The Firmicutes O The Gammaproteobacteria O The Cyanobacteria All of the following are true statements about events that occur in the apicomplexan life cycle EXCEPT: All of these statements are true. O the sporozoite is the motile infective stage often two completely different organisms host different stages of the life cycle the life cycles include both sexual and asexual stagesarrow_forward
- Under the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of the eukaryotic cell. The ancestor of mitochondria and chloroplasts original became part of mutualism with a larger host cell. Which of the following best explains this mutualism? A) The mitochondria and chloroplasts provided specialized reproduction as part of the proto-germ line while the larger host cell provided energy for growth and reproduction. B) The mitochondria and chloroplasts provided gene products that could be used by the larger host cell for improved parasitization. C) The mitochondria and chloroplasts provided molecular energy in return for protection by the larger host cell. D) The mitochondria and chloroplasts produce toxins that the larger cell utilized to defend itself from other cells mutually increasing the defense of all those involved.arrow_forwardBinary fission is used in which of the following DNA transfers? Horizontal Gene Transfer Vertical Gene Transfer Crossing Over Conjugationarrow_forwardExplain the following terms lysozyme (bacteria), cellulase (plant cells), chitinase (fungus).arrow_forward
- A newly discovered pigmented microbe contains a capsule and flagella, but no chloroplasts or cilia. This microbe is approximately 2 microns in size, and divides by binary fission. The nucleic acid of this microbe is packaged within an envelope. Based on this information, is this microbe a eukaryote or a prokaryote? Explain the reasoning behind your answer.arrow_forwardWhich of the following structures is most likely missing in a bacterium that regenerates from an endospore lacking any of the plasmids from the original cell? Oa chromosome water in its cytoplasm antibiotic-resistant genes a cell wallarrow_forwardAll of the following contribute to prokaryotic genetic recombination of DNA EXCEPT conjugation transformation binary fission transduction OO O Oarrow_forward
- Binary fission in bacteria is beneficial for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: Group of answer choices Mutation rates in prokaryotes are high due to short generation times Prokaryotes can copy themselves in as little as 20 minutes, resulting in rapid population growth Prokaryotes can undergo rapid evolution due to the high mutation rates The daughter cells that are produced are genetically identical to the parent cellarrow_forwardUse the following diagram to answers the questions. A. Is this cell Gram + or Gram -? Provide 2 pieces of evidence to support your choice. B. If you are infected by this bacterium can the antibiotic be effective in killing it. Explain. C. NAME and label the structures in the diagram that could be involved in conjugation? Why conjugation is an important process for the bacteriaarrow_forwardTetracyclines are another kind of antibiotics that are made by fungi. They work by inhibiting translation of proteins in bacteria. How can a fungus produce a translation-inhibiting toxin that kills bacteria but not itself? answer the following in 3-6 sentences.arrow_forward
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