Chapter 20, Problem 38QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Complete and balance the given chemical reaction.

${\text{C}}_3{\text{H}}_{18}(l)+{\mathrm{O<mn>2</mn>}}_{}(g)\to$.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds consist of carbon and hydrogen is known as hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are classified as saturated hydrocarbon and unsaturated hydrocarbon. Saturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon single bond is present as carbon is linked with four atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon multiple bonds are present that is double and triple bond.

The reaction in which burning of hydrocarbons takes place in oxygen to release water and carbon dioxide is known combustion reaction of hydrocarbon.

Answer to Problem 38QAP

${\text{2C}}_3{\text{H}}_{18}(l)+15{\mathrm{O<mn>2</mn>}}_{}(g)\to 6{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}(g)+18{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}(l)$.

Explanation of Solution

The complete reaction is shown below:

${\text{C}}_3{\text{H}}_{18}(l)+{\mathrm{O<mn>2</mn>}}_{}(g)\to {\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}(g)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}(l)$

Now, balance the above reaction, number of carbon atom is 3 on reactant side and on product side number of carbon atom is 1. Similarly, number of hydrogen atom is 18 on reactant side and on product side number of hydrogen atom is 2. Number of oxygen atom is 2 on reactant side and on product side number of oxygen atom is 3.

To balance the reaction, multiply ${\text{CO}}_2$ by 16 and ${\mathrm{H<mn>2</mn>}}_{}\text{O}$ by 18 and, ${\text{C}}_3{\text{H}}_{18}$ by 2 and ${\mathrm{O<mn>2</mn>}}_{}$ by 15. Equation becomes:

${\text{2C}}_3{\text{H}}_{18}(l)+15{\mathrm{O<mn>2</mn>}}_{}(g)\to 6{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}(g)+18{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}(l)$

Thus, number of carbon atoms, oxygen atoms and hydrogen atoms are equal on both sides of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Complete and balance the given chemical reaction.

${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{Cl}(g)+{\text{Cl}}_2(g)\to$.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds consist of carbon and hydrogen is known as hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are classified as saturated hydrocarbon and unsaturated hydrocarbon. Saturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon single bond is present as carbon is linked with four atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon multiple bonds are present that is double and triple bond.

Substitution reactions are those reactions in which or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by other atoms such as halogen.

Answer to Problem 38QAP

${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{Cl}(g)+{\text{Cl}}_2(g)\stackrel{\text{h}\text{v}}{\to }{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{Cl}}_{\text{2}}\text{(}\text{l}\text{)+HCl(}\text{g}\text{)}$.

Explanation of Solution

The complete reaction is given as:

${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{Cl}(g)+{\text{Cl}}_2(g)\stackrel{\text{h}\text{v}}{\to }{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{Cl}}_{\text{2}}\text{(}\text{l}\text{)+HCl(}\text{g}\text{)}$

Above reaction is the second step of successively reaction of methane with chlorine (one hydrogen atom is replaced by chlorine atom). Here, stands for ultraviolet light which is required to break the bond between (Cl₂ ) two chlorine atoms and from two chlorine radicals.

$\text{Cl-Cl}\to {\text{Cl}}^{\text{.}}{\text{+Cl}}^{\text{.}}$

Now, balance the above reaction, number of carbon atom is 1 on reactant side and on product side number of carbon atom is 1. Similarly, number of hydrogen atom is 3 on reactant side and on product side number of hydrogen atom is 3. Number of chlorine atom is 3 on reactant side and on product side number of chlorine atom is 3.

Thus, reaction is already balanced.

${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{Cl}(g)+{\text{Cl}}_2(g)\stackrel{\text{h}\text{v}}{\to }{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{Cl}}_{\text{2}}\text{(}\text{l}\text{)+HCl(}\text{g}\text{)}$

Thus, number of carbon atoms, chlorine atoms and hydrogen atoms are equal on both sides of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Complete and balance the given chemical reaction.

${\text{CHCl}}_3(g)+{\text{Cl}}_2(g)\to$.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds consist of carbon and hydrogen is known as hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are classified as saturated hydrocarbon and unsaturated hydrocarbon. Saturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon single bond is present as carbon is linked with four atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon multiple bonds are present that is double and triple bond.

Substitution reactions are those reactions in which or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by other atoms such as halogen.

Answer to Problem 38QAP

${\text{CHCl}}_3(g)+{\text{Cl}}_2(g)\stackrel{\text{h}\text{v}}{\to }{\text{CCl}}_4\text{(}\text{l}\text{)+HCl(}\text{g}\text{)}$.

Explanation of Solution

The complete reaction is given as:

${\text{CHCl}}_3(g)+{\text{Cl}}_2(g)\stackrel{\text{h}\text{v}}{\to }{\text{CCl}}_4\text{(}\text{l}\text{)+HCl(}\text{g}\text{)}$

Above reaction is the last step of successively reaction of methane with chlorine (all the hydrogen atoms are replaced by chlorine atoms). Here, stands for ultraviolet light which is required to break the bond between (Cl₂ ) two chlorine atoms and from two chlorine radicals.

$\text{Cl-Cl}\to {\text{Cl}}^{\text{.}}{\text{+Cl}}^{\text{.}}$

Now, balance the above reaction, number of carbon atom is 1 on reactant side and on product side number of carbon atom is 1. Similarly, number of hydrogen atom is 1 on reactant side and on product side number of hydrogen atom is 1. Number of chlorine atom is 5 on reactant side and on product side number of chlorine atom is 5.

Thus, reaction is already balanced.

${\text{CHCl}}_3(g)+{\text{Cl}}_2(g)\stackrel{\text{h}\text{v}}{\to }{\text{CCl}}_4\text{(}\text{l}\text{)+HCl(}\text{g}\text{)}$

Thus, number of carbon atoms, chlorine atoms and hydrogen atoms are equal on both sides of the reaction.