Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Name of the given organic compound should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
The group that contains carboxyl group which is attached to at least one hydrogen is said to be an
In order to give the name to the aldehyde group, the following steps are followed:
1. The parent (longest)
2. The ending of the parent chain from alkane (-e) is changed to -al for an aldehyde group. The carbonyl group of an aldehyde appear at the end of the carbon chain so, the numbering start with carbon having aldehyde group.
3. Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.
For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:
Carbon-1meth
Carbon-2eth
Carbon-3prop
Carbon-4but
Carbon-5pent
Carbon-6hex
Carbon-7hept
Carbon-8oct
Carbon-9non
Carbon-10dec.
Answer to Problem 145CP
Name of the given compound is:
Heptanal.
Explanation of Solution
The given structure is:
The parent chain in the given structure is heptane. Numbering is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets number 1.
So, the name will be: heptanal.
(b)
Interpretation:
Name of the given organic compound should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
The group that contains carboxyl group which is attached to at least one hydrogen is said to be an aldehyde group, general representation of an aldehyde group is RCH=O or RCHO. Whereas the group that contains carboxyl group which is attached to two carbon atoms is said to be a ketone group, general representation of a ketone group is RCOR’.
In order to give the name to the aldehyde group, the following steps are followed:
1. The parent (longest) alkane chain is identified.
2. The ending of the parent chain from alkane (-e) is changed to -al for an aldehyde group. The carbonyl group of an aldehyde appear at the end of the carbon chain so, the numbering start with carbon having aldehyde group.
3. Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.
For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:
Carbon-1meth
Carbon-2eth
Carbon-3prop
Carbon-4but
Carbon-5pent
Carbon-6hex
Carbon-7hept
Carbon-8oct
Carbon-9non
Carbon-10dec.
Answer to Problem 145CP
Name of the given compound is:
3-ethyl-5-methylhexanal.
Explanation of Solution
The given structure is:
The parent chain in the given structure is hexane. Numbering is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets number 1.
The substituent on 3 position is ethyl and on 5 position is methyl.
So, the name will be: 3-ethyl-5-methylhexanal.
(c)
Interpretation:
Name of the given organic compound should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
The group that contains carboxyl group which is attached to at least one hydrogen is said to be an aldehyde group, general representation of an aldehyde group is RCH=O or RCHO. Whereas the group that contains carboxyl group which is attached to two carbon atoms is said to be a ketone group, general representation of a ketone group is RCOR’.
In order to give the name to the ketone group, the following steps are followed:
1. The parent (longest) alkane chain is identified.
2. The ending of the parent chain from alkane (-e) is changed to -one for a ketone group.
3. The numbering is of the chain is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets the smaller number.
4. Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.
For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:
Carbon-1meth
Carbon-2eth
Carbon-3prop
Carbon-4but
Carbon-5pent
Carbon-6hex
Carbon-7hept
Carbon-8oct
Carbon-9non
Carbon-10dec.
Answer to Problem 145CP
Name of the given compound is:
Hexan-3-one.
Explanation of Solution
The given structure is:
The parent chain in the given structure is hexane. Numbering is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets lower number that is 3.
So, the name will be: Hexan-3-one.
(d)
Interpretation:
Name of the given organic compound should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
The group that contains carboxyl group which is attached to at least one hydrogen is said to be an aldehyde group, general representation of an aldehyde group is RCH=O or RCHO. Whereas the group that contains carboxyl group which is attached to two carbon atoms is said to be a ketone group, general representation of a ketone group is RCOR’.
In order to give the name to the ketone group, the following steps are followed:
1. The parent (longest) alkane chain is identified.
2. The ending of the parent chain from alkane (-e) is changed to -one for a ketone group.
3. The numbering is of the chain is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets the smaller number.
4. Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.
For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:
Carbon-1meth
Carbon-2eth
Carbon-3prop
Carbon-4but
Carbon-5pent
Carbon-6hex
Carbon-7hept
Carbon-8oct
Carbon-9non
Carbon-10dec.
Answer to Problem 145CP
Name of the given compound is:
4, 5-dimethylhexan-3-one.
Explanation of Solution
The given structure is:
The parent chain in the given structure is hexane. Numbering is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets lower number that is 3.
The substituent on 4 and 5 position is methyl.
So, the name will be: 4, 5-dimethylhexan-3-one.
(e)
Interpretation:
Name of the given organic compound should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
An organic compound in which carboxy
In order to give the name to the carboxylic acid group, the following steps are followed:
1. The parent (longest) alkane chain is identified.
2. The ending of the parent chain from alkane (-e) is changed to -oic acid for a carboxylic acid group.
3. The numbering is of the chain is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets the smaller number.
4. Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.
For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:
Carbon-1meth
Carbon-2eth
Carbon-3prop
Carbon-4but
Carbon-5pent
Carbon-6hex
Carbon-7hept
Carbon-8oct
Carbon-9non
Carbon-10dec.
Answer to Problem 145CP
Name of the given compound is:
3, 4-dimethylhexanoic acid.
Explanation of Solution
The given structure is:
The parent chain in the given structure is hexane. Numbering is done in such a way that carboxyl group gets number 1.
The substituent on 3 and 4 position is methyl.
So, the name will be: 3, 4-dimethylhexanoic acid.
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Chapter 20 Solutions
Student Solutions Manual for Zumdahl/DeCoste's Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation, 9th
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