College Physics
OER 2016 Edition
ISBN: 9781947172173
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: OpenStax College
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 20, Problem 31CQ
Define depolarization, repolarization, and the action potential.
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
Write a question about the electrical action potential of the human nervous system in terms of physics.
Item 13
Cell Membranes and Dielectrics Many cells in the body have a cell
membrane whose inner and outer surfaces carry opposite charges, just like
the plates of a parallel-plate capacitor. Suppose a typical cell membrane has
a thickness of 8.5x109 m, and its inner and outer surfaces carry charge
densities of -6.4×10-4 C/m² and +6.4×10-4 C/m², respectively. In
addition, assume that the material in the cell membrane has a dielectric
constant of 5.4.
Part A
Find the direction of the electric field within the cell membrane.
into the cell
O out of the cell
Submit
Part B
E =
Find the magnitude of the electric field within the cell membrane.
Express your answer using two significant figures.
—| ΑΣΦ
Submit
Part C
Request Answer
|AV| =
Submit
Request Answer
Calculate the potential difference between the inner and outer walls of the membrane.
Express your answer using two significant figures.
17 ΑΣΦ
# ?
Request Answer
N/C
?
mV
a) What was the smallest voltage required to produce a contraction (the threshold voltage)? What proportion of the fibers in the muscle do you think were contracting to produce this small response?
b) What was the smallest voltage required to produce the maximum (largest) contraction? What proportion of the fibers in the muscle do you think were contracting to produce this maximal response?
Chapter 20 Solutions
College Physics
Ch. 20 - Can a wire carry a current and still be...Ch. 20 - Car batteries are rated in ampere-hours (A h )....Ch. 20 - If two different wires having identical...Ch. 20 - Why are two conducting paths from a voltage source...Ch. 20 - In cars, one battery terminal is connected to the...Ch. 20 - Why isn't a bird sitting on a high-voltage power...Ch. 20 - The IR drop across a resistor means that there is...Ch. 20 - How is the I R drop in a resistor similar to the...Ch. 20 - In which of the three semiconducting materials...Ch. 20 - Prob. 10CQ
Ch. 20 - If aluminum and copper wires of the same length...Ch. 20 - Explain why R=R0(1 + a?T) for the temperature...Ch. 20 - Why do incandescent lightbulbs grow dim late in...Ch. 20 - The power dissipated in a resistor is given by P =...Ch. 20 - Give an example of a use of AC power other than in...Ch. 20 - Why do voltage, current, and power go through zero...Ch. 20 - You are riding in a train, gazing into the...Ch. 20 - Using an ohmmeter, a student measures the...Ch. 20 - What are the two major hazards of electricity?Ch. 20 - Why isn’t a short circuit a shock hazard?Ch. 20 - What determines the severity of a shock? Can you...Ch. 20 - An electrified needle is used to burn off warts,...Ch. 20 - Some surgery is performed with high-voltage...Ch. 20 - Some devices often used in bathrooms, such as...Ch. 20 - We are often advised to not flick electric...Ch. 20 - Before working on a power transmission line,...Ch. 20 - Why is the resistance of wet skin so much smaller...Ch. 20 - Could a person on intravenous infusion (an IV) be...Ch. 20 - In view of the small currents that cause shock...Ch. 20 - Prob. 30CQCh. 20 - Define depolarization, repolarization, and the...Ch. 20 - Explain the properties of myelinated nerves in...Ch. 20 - What is the current in milliamperes produced by...Ch. 20 - A total of 600 C of charge passes through a...Ch. 20 - What is the current when a typical static charge...Ch. 20 - Find the current when 2.00 nC jumps between your...Ch. 20 - A large lightning bolt had a 20,000-A current and...Ch. 20 - The 200-A current through a spark plug moves 0.300...Ch. 20 - Prob. 7PECh. 20 - During open-heart surgery, a defibrillator can be...Ch. 20 - (a) A defibrillator passes 12.0 A of current...Ch. 20 - A clock battery wears out after moving 10,000 C of...Ch. 20 - The batteries of a submerged non-nuclear submarine...Ch. 20 - Electron guns are used in X-ray tubes. The...Ch. 20 - A large cyclotron directs a beam of He ++ nuclei...Ch. 20 - Repeat the above example on Example 20.3, but for...Ch. 20 - Using the results of the above example on Example...Ch. 20 - A 14-gauge copper wire has a diameter of 1.628 mm....Ch. 20 - Prob. 17PECh. 20 - What current flows through the bulb of a 3.00-V...Ch. 20 - Calculate the effective resistance of a pocket...Ch. 20 - What is the effective resistance of a car’s...Ch. 20 - How many volts are supplied to operate an...Ch. 20 - (a) F ind the voltage drop in an extension cord...Ch. 20 - A power transmission line is hung from metal...Ch. 20 - What is the resistance of a 20.0-m-long piece of...Ch. 20 - The diameter of 0-gauge copper wire is 8.252 mm....Ch. 20 - If the 0.100-mm diameter tungsten filament in a...Ch. 20 - Find the ratio of the diameter of aluminum to...Ch. 20 - What current flows through a 2.54-cm-diameter rod...Ch. 20 - (a) To what temperature must you raise a copper...Ch. 20 - A resistor made of Nichrome wire is used in an...Ch. 20 - Of what material is a resistor made if its...Ch. 20 - An electronic device designed to operate at any...Ch. 20 - a) Of what material is a wire made, if it is 25.0...Ch. 20 - Assuming a constant temperature coefficient of...Ch. 20 - A wire is drawn through a die, stretching it to...Ch. 20 - A copper wire has a resistance of 0.500at 20.0°C,...Ch. 20 - (a) Digital medical thermometers determine...Ch. 20 - Integrated Concepts (a) Redo Exercise 20.25 taking...Ch. 20 - Unreasonable Results (a) To what temperature must...Ch. 20 - What is the power of a 1.00 102 MV lightning boit...Ch. 20 - What power is supplied to the starter motor of a...Ch. 20 - Prob. 42PECh. 20 - How many watts does a flashlight that has 6.00102C...Ch. 20 - Find the power dissipated in each of these...Ch. 20 - Verify that the units of a volt-ampere are watts,...Ch. 20 - Show that the units 1 V2/=1W , as implied by the...Ch. 20 - Show that the units 1 A 2 = 1W, as implied by the...Ch. 20 - Verify the energy unit equivalence that 1 kWh =...Ch. 20 - Electrons in an X-ray tube are accelerated through...Ch. 20 - Prob. 50PECh. 20 - With a 1200-W toaster, how much electrical energy...Ch. 20 - What would be the maximum cost of a CFL such that...Ch. 20 - Some makes of older cars have 6.00-V electrical...Ch. 20 - Alkaline batteries have the advantage of putting...Ch. 20 - A cauterizer, used to stop bleeding in surgery,...Ch. 20 - The average television is said to be on 6 hours...Ch. 20 - An old lightbulb draws only 50.0 W, rather than...Ch. 20 - -gauge copper wire has a diameter of 9.266 mm....Ch. 20 - Prob. 59PECh. 20 - Integrated Concepts (a) What energy is dissipated...Ch. 20 - Integrated Concepts What current must be produced...Ch. 20 - Integrated Concepts How much time is needed for a...Ch. 20 - Prob. 63PECh. 20 - Prob. 64PECh. 20 - Integrated Concepts A light-rail commuter train...Ch. 20 - Integrated Concepts (a) An aluminum power...Ch. 20 - Integrated Concepts (a) An immersion heater...Ch. 20 - Integrated Concepts (a) What is the cost of...Ch. 20 - Unreasonable Results (a) What current is needed to...Ch. 20 - Unreasonable Results (a) What current is needed to...Ch. 20 - Construct Your Own Problem Consider an electric...Ch. 20 - (a) What is the hot resistance of a 25-W light...Ch. 20 - Certain heavy industrial equipment uses AC power...Ch. 20 - A certain circuit breaker trips when the rms...Ch. 20 - Military aircraft use 400-Hz AC power, because it...Ch. 20 - A North American tourist takes his 25.0-W, 120-V...Ch. 20 - In this problem, you will verify statements made...Ch. 20 - A small office-building air conditioner operates...Ch. 20 - What is the peak power consumption of a 12G-V AC...Ch. 20 - What is the peak current through a 500-W room...Ch. 20 - Two different electrical devices have the same...Ch. 20 - Nichrome wire is used in some radiative heaters....Ch. 20 - Find the time after t = 0 when the instantaneous...Ch. 20 - (a) At what two times in the first period...Ch. 20 - (a) Haw much power is dissipated in a short...Ch. 20 - What voltage is involved in a 1.44-kW short...Ch. 20 - Find the current through a person and identify the...Ch. 20 - While taking a bath, a person touches the metal...Ch. 20 - Foolishly trying to fish a burning piece of bread...Ch. 20 - (a) During surgery, a current as small as 20.0 ?...Ch. 20 - (a) What is the resistance of a 220-V AC short...Ch. 20 - A heart defibrillator passes 10.0 A through a...Ch. 20 - Integrated Concepts A short circuit in a 120-V...Ch. 20 - Construct Your Own Problem Consider a person...Ch. 20 - Prob. 95PECh. 20 - Prob. 96PECh. 20 - Prob. 1TPCh. 20 - Prob. 2TPCh. 20 - Prob. 3TPCh. 20 - Prob. 4TPCh. 20 - Prob. 5TPCh. 20 - Prob. 6TPCh. 20 - Prob. 7TPCh. 20 - Prob. 8TPCh. 20 - Prob. 9TPCh. 20 - Prob. 10TPCh. 20 - Prob. 11TPCh. 20 - Prob. 12TPCh. 20 - Prob. 13TPCh. 20 - Prob. 14TPCh. 20 - Prob. 15TP
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
Compare the roles of CO2 and H2O in cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
52. You are target shooting using a toy gun that fires a small ball at a speed of 15 m/s. When the gun is fire...
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach, Vol. 1 (Chs 1-21) (4th Edition)
7. Which bones form via intramembranous ossification?
a. Irregular bones
b. Certain flat bones
c. Long bones
d....
Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
Define histology.
Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
2. Define equilibrium population. Outline the conditions that must be met for a population to stay in genetic e...
Biology: Life on Earth (11th Edition)
Fibrous connective tissue consists of ground substance and fibers that provide strength, support, and flexibili...
Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Use the ECG figure shown to determine the heart rate inbeats per minute assuming a constant time between beats.arrow_forwardVoltage across the resting membrane potential…A) Can be described by the Nernst equation.B) Is established by a difference in charges across the cell membrane, with the outside more negative than the inside.C) Defines the driving force for flow of a particular ion across the cell membrane, given its equilibrium potentialD) Is equally dependent on the flow of potassium and sodium ions through leak channels across the cell membrane.E) Stays the same during an action potential.arrow_forwardGive proper explanation of the correct option and incorrect options. No answer from chat gpt will dislike that.arrow_forward
- To measure signal propagation in a nerve in the arm, the nerve is triggered near the armpit. The peak of the action potential is measured at the elbow and then, 4.0 ms later, 24 cm away from the elbow at the wrist.a. What is the speed of propagation along this nerve?b. A determination of the speed made by measuring the time between the application of a stimulus at the armpit and the peak of an action potential at the elbow or the wrist would be inaccurate. Explain the problem with this approach, and why the noted technique is preferable.arrow_forwardIn the saturation region (I-V characteristics) of JFET the value of D18 ssmemanmnssnes at specific (VGS = * .negative voltage ) a. b.c.d a: constant O b: zero O c: maximum O d: Bothaandc Oarrow_forwardQuestion 14arrow_forward
- An unmyelinated segment of the axon has a radius of r=2 pm and a length of L=7 cm. what is its membrane capacitance (Farad) ?. (The %3D capacitance per unit area, Cm = 0.01 F/m2). %3D A. 0.000000008792 B. None, C. 0.00000002638 D. 0.00000003517 E. 0.00000001758arrow_forwardNerve cells in your body can be electrically stimulated; a large enough change in a membrane potential triggers a nerve impulse. Certain plants work the same way. A touch to mimosa pudica, the “sensitive plant,” causes the leaflets to fold inward and droop. We can trigger this response electrically as well. In one experiment, investigators placed electrodes on the thick tissue at the base of a leaf. The electrodes were 3.5 mm apart. When the electrodes were connected to a 47 μF capacitor charged to 1.5 V, this stimulated a response from the plant.a. Eventually, all the charge on the capacitor was transferred to the plant. How much charge was transferred?b. What was the approximate electric field between the electrodes?arrow_forwardAssume a length of axon membrane of about 0.10 m is excited by an action potential (length excited = nerve speed pulse duration = 50.0 m/s 2.0 103 s = 0.10 m). In the resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is charged positively with K+ ions and the inner wall has an equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in Figure P18.43. Model the axon as a parallel-plate capacitor and take C = 0A/d and Q = C V to investigate the charge as follows. Use typical values for a cylindrical axon of cell wall thickness d = 1.0 108 m, axon radius r = 1.0 101 m, and cell-wall dielectric constant = 3.0. (a) Calculate the positive charge on the outside of a 0.10-m piece of axon when it is not conducting an electric pulse. How many K+ ions are on the outside of the axon assuming an initial potential difference of 7.0 102 V? Is this a large charge per unit area? Hint: Calculate the charge per unit area in terms of electronic charge e per squared (2). An atom has a cross section of about 1 2 (1 = 1010 m). (b) How much positive charge must flow through the cell membrane to reach the excited state of + 3.0 102 V from the resting state of 7.0 102 V? How many sodium ions (Na+) is this? (c) If it takes 2.0 ms for the Na+ ions to enter the axon, what is the average current in the axon wall in this process? (d) How much energy does it take to raise the potential of the inner axon wall to + 3.0 102 V, starting from the resting potential of 7.0 102 V? Figure P18.43 Problem 43 and 44.arrow_forward
- In a certain region of space, the electric field is zero. From this fact, what can you conclude about the electric potential in this region? (a) It is zero, (b) It does not vary with position. (c) It is positive. (d) It is negative. (e) None of those answers is necessarily true.arrow_forwardWhat is the voltage at R1?arrow_forwardA myelinated axon conducts nerve impulses at a speed of 40 m/s. What is the signal speed if the thickness of the myelin sheath is halved but no other changes are made to the axon?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
College PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781938168000Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger HinrichsPublisher:OpenStax College
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...PhysicsISBN:9781133939146Author:Katz, Debora M.Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...PhysicsISBN:9781305116399Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
College PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781305952300Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris VuillePublisher:Cengage Learning
College PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781285737027Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris VuillePublisher:Cengage Learning
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781938168000
Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher:OpenStax College
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...
Physics
ISBN:9781133939146
Author:Katz, Debora M.
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...
Physics
ISBN:9781305116399
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781305952300
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher:Cengage Learning
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781285737027
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher:Cengage Learning
DC Series circuits explained - The basics working principle; Author: The Engineering Mindset;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VV6tZ3Aqfuc;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY