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(a)
Interpretation:
The molar entropy
Concept Introduction:
Entropy is a
Entropy is the measure of randomness in the system. Standard entropy change in a reaction is the difference in entropy of the products and reactants.
Where,
Standard entropy change in a reaction and entropy change in the system are same.
(a)
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Explanation of Solution
The formation reaction for propylene is,
Equal molar of carbon
Entropy change
Calculate the change in entropy for this reaction as follows,
Where,
Calculate the molar entropy for given reaction,
The
The molar entropy change is negative sign for
(b)
Interpretation:
For the propylene formation reaction
Concept introduction:
Free energy is the term that is used to explain the total energy content in a thermodynamic system that can be converted into work. The free energy is represented by the letter G. All spontaneous process is associated with the decrease of free energy in the system. The equation given below helps us to calculate the change in free energy in a system.
Free energy change
Where,
(b)
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Explanation of Solution
The formation reaction for propylene is,
Standared Free energy change equation is,
Free energy change
Calcualted enthalpy and entropy values are
These values are plugging above standard free energy equation,
Hence the free energy
(c)
Interpretation:
For the dehydrogenation reaction the enthalpy
Concept Introduction:
Enthalpy is the amount energy absorbed or released in a process.
The enthalpy change in a system
Where,
Free energy is the term that is used to explain the total energy content in a thermodynamic system that can be converted into work. The free energy is represented by the letter G. All spontaneous process is associated with the decrease of free energy in the system. The equation given below helps us to calculate the change in free energy in a system.
(c)
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Explanation of Solution
The dehydrogantion reaction is as follows,
Standard enthalpy change is,
Let us find enthalpy change for the reaction,
Hence, the enthalpy
Standared Free energy change equation iss,
Free energy change
Calculated enthalpy and entropy values are
These values are plugging above standard free energy equation,
The free energy
(d)
Interpretation:
For the formation of propylene theoretical yield has to be calculated at
Concept introduction:
Entropy is the measure of randomness in the system. Standard entropy change in a reaction is the difference in entropy of the products and reactants.
Where,
Free energy is the term that is used to explain the total energy content in a thermodynamic system that can be converted into work. The free energy is represented by the letter G. All spontaneous process is associated with the decrease of free energy in the system. The equation given below helps us to calculate the change in free energy in a system.
(d)
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Explanation of Solution
The formation reaction for propylene is,
Entropy change
Calculate the change in entropy for this reaction as follows,
Standared Free energy change equation is,
Free energy change
Calcualted enthalpy and entropy values are
These values are plugging above standard free energy equation,
Calculation for equilibrium pressure
The equilibrium equation is,
Rearrange the above equation,
The equilibrium reaction is,
Here,
So,
Solve the above quadratic equation,
Hence, the theoretical yield of propylene is
(e)
Interpretation:
Identify whether there is any yield change if the reactor wall were preamble to hydrogen
Concept introduction:
Theoretical yield: The amount of product formed, assuming complete reaction of the limiting reagent.
Actual yield: The amount of product actually formed in a reaction.
Percent yield: The percentage of the theoretical yield actually obtained from a
(e)
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Explanation of Solution
The formation reaction for propylene,
If hydrogen could escape through the reactor walls, the reaction would be shifted to the right side and improving the yield.
(f)
Interpretation:
The temp at which the dehydrogenation spontaneous has to be identified, provided all substances in the standard state.
Concept introduction:
Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system. The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process. For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy. Entropy is represented by the letter ‘S’. It is a state function. The change in entropy gives information about the magnitude and direction of a process. The entropy changes associated with a phase transition reaction can be found by the following equation.
Where,
(f)
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Explanation of Solution
The formation reaction for propylene,
Standared Free energy change equation is,
Rearrange the equation (2) to calculate temprature T,
Hence,
Enthalpy and entropy values are
Hence, the propylene formation founded temperature value is
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Chapter 20 Solutions
Loose Leaf for Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
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