
(a)
Interpretation:
For magnesite decomposition the balanced equation has to be written.
Concept introduction:
Balanced equation: A balanced chemical equation is an equation which contains same elements in same number on both the sides (reactant and product side) of the chemical equation thereby obeying the law of conservation of mass.
The equation for a reaction, which has same number of atoms and charge of the ions in both reactants and product sides, is known as balanced equation.
Reactant: In a
Product: In a chemical reaction the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant.
(a)

Answer to Problem 20.91P
Balance chemical eqaution is,
Explanation of Solution
Balance chemical eqaution is,
The
(b)
Interpretation:
For the given decomposition reaction the free energy
Concept introduction:
Free energy (or) entropy change is the term that is used to explain the total energy content in a
Where,
(b)

Answer to Problem 20.91P
For given decomposition reaction standard free energy values is
Explanation of Solution
Given decomposition reaction is,
Calculate the change in Gibb’s free energy at
Standard enthalpy change is,
Enthalpy values referred from Appendix Table.
The enthalpy change for the reaction is calculated as follows,
The enthalpy change is positive. Hence, the enthalpy
Entropy change
Calculate the change in entropy for this reaction as follows,
Where,
The
The enthalpy and entropy changes are positive sign for
Calculate the Free enrgy change
Standared Free energy change equation is
Calcualted enthalpy and entropy values are
Plugging these values into above standard free energy equation,
Therefore, for the given decomposition reaction standard free energy value is
(c)
Interpretation:
The minimum temperature at which the given reaction is spontaneous has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Free energy (or) entropy change is the term that is used to explain the total energy content in a thermodynamic system that can be converted into work. The free energy is represented by the letter G. All spontaneous process is associated with the decrease of free energy in the system. The equation given below helps us to calculate the change in free energy in a system.
Where,
(c)

Answer to Problem 20.91P
The required minimum temperature is
Explanation of Solution
Given decomposition reaction is,
Calculate the change in Gibb’s free energy at
The reaction becomes spontaneous below the temprature where
Consider the follwing free energy equation,
Rearrange equation (2) to calculate temprature T,
Hence,
At temprature above
(d)
Interpretation:
For the
Concept introduction:
Free energy (or) entropy change is the term that is used to explain the total energy content in a thermodynamic system that can be converted into work. The free energy is represented by the letter G. All spontaneous process is associated with the decrease of free energy in the system. The equation given below helps us to calculate the change in free energy in a system.
Where,
Free energy change
Where,
(d)

Answer to Problem 20.91P
For given reaction, the equilbrium pressure
Explanation of Solution
Given,
Free energy equation is,
Solving for
Rearrange the above equation as shown below,
Then,
Therefore, the given equilbrium pressure
(e)
Interpretation:
For the following
Concept introduction:
Free energy (Gibbs free energy) is the term that is used to explain the total energy content in a thermodynamic system that can be converted into work. The free energy is represented by the letter
Free energy change
Where,
(e)

Answer to Problem 20.91P
For given reaction the equilbrium pressure
Explanation of Solution
Given,
Free energy equation is,
Calculate the Free enrgy change
Standared Free energy change equation iss,
Calcualted enthalpy and entropy values are
These values are plugging above standard free energy equation,
Next, we solving for
Rearrange the above equation,
Then,
Therefore, the given equilbrium pressure
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 20 Solutions
Loose Leaf for Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
- For each reaction below, decide if the first stable organic product that forms in solution will create a new CC bond, and check the appropriate box. Next, for each reaction to which you answered "Yes" to in the table, draw this product in the drawing area below. Note for advanced students: for this problem, don't worry if you think this product will continue to react under the current conditions - just focus on the first stable product you expect to form in solution. དྲ。 ✗MgBr ? O CI Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new C-C bond? Yes No • ? Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? Yes No × : ☐ Xarrow_forwardPredict the major products of this organic reaction: OH NaBH4 H ? CH3OH Note: be sure you use dash and wedge bonds when necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. ☐ : Sarrow_forwardPredict the major products of this organic reaction: 1. LIAIHA 2. H₂O ? Note: be sure you use dash and wedge bonds when necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. X : ☐arrow_forward
- For each reaction below, decide if the first stable organic product that forms in solution will create a new C - C bond, and check the appropriate box. Next, for each reaction to which you answered "Yes" to in the table, draw this product in the drawing area below. Note for advanced students: for this problem, don't worry if you think this product will continue to react under the current conditions - just focus on the first stable product you expect to form in solution. NH2 tu ? ? OH Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? Yes No Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? Yes No C $ ©arrow_forwardAs the lead product manager at OrganometALEKS Industries, you are trying to decide if the following reaction will make a molecule with a new C-C bond as its major product: 1. MgCl ? 2. H₂O* If this reaction will work, draw the major organic product or products you would expect in the drawing area below. If there's more than one major product, you can draw them in any arrangement you like. Be sure you use wedge and dash bonds if necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. If the major products of this reaction won't have a new CC bond, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. This reaction will not make a product with a new CC bond. G marrow_forwardIncluding activity coefficients, find [Hg22+] in saturated Hg2Br2 in 0.00100 M NH4 Ksp Hg2Br2 = 5.6×10-23.arrow_forward
- give example for the following(by equation) a. Converting a water insoluble compound to a soluble one. b. Diazotization reaction form diazonium salt c. coupling reaction of a diazonium salt d. indacator properties of MO e. Diazotization ( diazonium salt of bromobenzene)arrow_forward2-Propanone and ethyllithium are mixed and subsequently acid hydrolyzed. Draw and name the structures of the products.arrow_forward(Methanesulfinyl)methane is reacted with NaH, and then with acetophenone. Draw and name the structures of the products.arrow_forward
- 3-Oxo-butanenitrile and (E)-2-butenal are mixed with sodium ethoxide in ethanol. Draw and name the structures of the products.arrow_forwardWhat is the reason of the following(use equations if possible) a.) In MO preperation through diazotization: Addition of sodium nitrite in acidfied solution in order to form diazonium salt b.) in MO experiment: addition of sodium hydroxide solution in the last step to isolate the product MO. What is the color of MO at low pH c.) In MO experiment: addition of sodium hydroxide solution in the last step to isolate the product MO. What is the color of MO at pH 4.5 d.) Avoiding not cooling down the reaction mixture when preparing the diazonium salt e.) Cbvcarrow_forwardA 0.552-g sample of an unknown acid was dissolved in water to a total volume of 20.0 mL. This sample was titrated with 0.1103 M KOH. The equivalence point occurred at 29.42 mL base added. The pH of the solution at 10.0 mL base added was 3.72. Determine the molar mass of the acid. Determine the Ka of the acid.arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY





