Chapter 20, Problem 20.88P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The entropy ${\text{ΔS}}_{\text{sys}}$ change expected for $0.200mol$ of potassium freezing process has to be predicted at ${63.7}^{o}C$.

Concept introduction:

Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system.  The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process. For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy. Entropy is represented by the letter ‘S’.  It is a state function.  The change in entropy gives information about the magnitude and direction of a process.  The entropy changes associated with a phase transition reaction can be found by the following equation.

  ${\text{ΔS}}^{\text{o}}\text{}\text{=}\text{}\text{}\frac{{\text{ΔΗ}}^{\text{o}}}{\text{Τ}}$

Where,

  $\Delta {{\rm H}}^{\text{o}}$ is the change in enthalpy of the system

  $\text{T}$ is the absolute value of the temperature

  $\Delta {\text{S}}^{\text{o}}$ is the change in entropy in the system

Free energy (or) entropy change is the term that is used to explain the total energy content in a thermodynamic system that can be converted into work.  The free energy is represented by the letter G.  All spontaneous process is associated with the decrease of free energy in the system.  The equation given below helps us to calculate the change in free energy in a system.

  ${\text{ΔG}}^{\text{o}}\text{ = }\Delta {{\rm H}}^{\text{o}}\text{- T}\Delta {\text{S}}^{\text{o}}$

Where,

  ${\text{ΔG}}^{\text{o}}$ is the standard change in free energy of the system

  $\Delta {{\rm H}}^{\text{o}}$ is the standard change in enthalpy of the system

  $\text{T}$ is the absolute value of the temperature

  $\Delta {\text{S}}^{\text{o}}$ is the change in entropy in the system