The number of copies of target DNA after 12 cycles of polymerase chain reaction has to be calculated. Concept Introduction: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is widely used to amplify DNA sequences to produce millions of copies of a specific DNA segment. PCR technique finds applications for specific and rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases. The various steps involved in PCR technique is as follows: Stage 1: In the first stage, high temperature ( 94 − 98 ° C ) is provided so that DNA strands are separated and a single-stranded template gets generated. Stage 2: In the next step, annealing is done at a temperature of about 50 -65 ° C so that primer may bind to the complementary strand on the template generated in stage 1. Stage 3: In the third stage, two DNA strands obtained after annealing serve as a template for the DNA polymerase , and the enzyme then begins to extend the primers in both directions at about 72 ° C . This cycle is repeated for about 35 times until the target DNA region gets copied. Each successive cycle of a polymerases chain reaction double the gene as illustrated below:

Question

Want to see the full answer?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 20.87QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of copies of target DNA after 12 cycles of polymerase chain reaction has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is widely used to amplify DNA sequences to produce millions of copies of a specific DNA segment. PCR technique finds applications for specific and rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases.

The various steps involved in PCR technique is as follows:

Stage 1: In the first stage, high temperature (94−98 °C) is provided so that DNA strands are separated and a single-stranded template gets generated.

Stage 2: In the next step, annealing is done at a temperature of about 50-65 °C so that primer may bind to the complementary strand on the template generated in stage 1.

Stage 3: In the third stage, two DNA strands obtained after annealing serve as a template for the DNA polymerase, and the enzyme then begins to extend the primers in both directions at about 72 °C.

This cycle is repeated for about 35 times until the target DNA region gets copied.

Each successive cycle of a polymerases chain reaction double the gene as illustrated below:

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Students have asked these similar questions

#1. Retro-Electrochemical Reaction: A ring has been made, but the light is causing the molecule to un- cyclize. Undo the ring into all possible molecules. (2pts, no partial credit) hv

Don't used Ai solution

I have a question about this problem involving mechanisms and drawing curved arrows for acids and bases. I know we need to identify the nucleophile and electrophile, but are there different types of reactions? For instance, what about Grignard reagents and other types that I might not be familiar with? Can you help me with this? I want to identify the names of the mechanisms for problems 1-14, such as Gilman reagents and others. Are they all the same? Also, could you rewrite it so I can better understand? The handwriting is pretty cluttered. Additionally, I need to label the nucleophile and electrophile, but my main concern is whether those reactions differ, like the "Brønsted-Lowry acid-base mechanism, Lewis acid-base mechanism, acid-catalyzed mechanisms, acid-catalyzed reactions, base-catalyzed reactions, nucleophilic substitution mechanisms (SN1 and SN2), elimination reactions (E1 and E2), organometallic mechanisms, and so forth."