Physical Chemistry
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781285969770
Author: Ball
Publisher: Cengage
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Chapter 20, Problem 20.6E
For a reaction between
What is the order with respect to
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Using reaction free energy to predict equilibrium composition
Consider the following equilibrium:
2NO(g) +Cl₂ (g) = 2NOC1 (g) AGº = -41. kJ
Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 8.90 atm of chlorine (C12) and 5.71 atm of nitrosyl chloride (NOC1) at 1075. °C. Answer the following questions
about this system:
rise
Under these conditions, will the pressure of NOCI tend to rise or fall?
x10
fall
Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding NO?
In other words, if you said the pressure of NOCI will tend to rise, can that
be changed to a tendency to fall by adding NO? Similarly, if you said the
pressure of NOCI will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to
rise by adding NO?
yes
no
If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate
the minimum pressure of NO needed to reverse it.
Round your answer to 2 significant digits.
atm
☑
18
Ar
Identifying the major species in weak acid or weak base equilibria
The preparations of two aqueous solutions are described in the table below. For each solution, write the chemical formulas of the major species present at
equilibrium. You can leave out water itself.
Write the chemical formulas of the species that will act as acids in the 'acids' row, the formulas of the species that will act as bases in the 'bases' row, and the
formulas of the species that will act as neither acids nor bases in the 'other' row.
You will find it useful to keep in mind that HCN is a weak acid.
acids:
0.29 mol of NaOH is added
to 1.0 L of a 1.2M HCN
solution.
bases:
☑
other:
0.09 mol of HCl is added to
acids:
1.0 L of a solution that is
bases:
0.3M in both HCN and
KCN.
other:
0,0,...
?
00.
18
Ar
日
Chapter 20 Solutions
Physical Chemistry
Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.1ECh. 20 - The oxidation-reduction reaction between iron...Ch. 20 - The oxidation-reduction reaction between iron...Ch. 20 - The rate of the reaction...Ch. 20 - For a certain reaction between NO and O2, the rate...Ch. 20 - For a reaction between SO2 and Cl2, the rate law...Ch. 20 - Consider the chemical reaction A+B+Cproducts...Ch. 20 - For the chemical reaction...Ch. 20 - Explain how a species might be part of a rate law...Ch. 20 - Refer to Example 20.2 and explain whether any...
Ch. 20 - Rate law experiments dont always give data in the...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.12ECh. 20 - What must the units on k be for the following rate...Ch. 20 - What must the units on k be for the following rate...Ch. 20 - The reaction 2O33O2 has first-order kinetics and a...Ch. 20 - Digestive processes are first-order processes. The...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.18ECh. 20 - Derive equation 20.15.Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.20ECh. 20 - To a very good approximation, the cooling of a hot...Ch. 20 - Assume that thermal decomposition of mercuric...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.23ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.24ECh. 20 - Derive equation 20.22.Ch. 20 - a Write a rate law and an integrated rate law for...Ch. 20 - Derive an expression for the half-life of a a...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.28ECh. 20 - Rewrite equation 20.27 so that it has the form of...Ch. 20 - One can also define a third-life, t1/3, which is...Ch. 20 - The decomposition of NH3: 2NH3N2+3H2 is a...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.32ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.33ECh. 20 - When ionic compounds crystallize from a...Ch. 20 - An aqueous reaction that uses the solvent H2O as a...Ch. 20 - The rate law for the reaction...Ch. 20 - If a reaction has the same rate constant, what...Ch. 20 - List at least four experimentally determined...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.39ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.40ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.41ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.42ECh. 20 - What is the value of the equilibrium constant of a...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.44ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.45ECh. 20 - Show how equation 20.33 reduces to a simpler form...Ch. 20 - Write expressions like equation 20.37 for a set of...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.48ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.49ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.50ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.51ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.52ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.53ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.54ECh. 20 - For what values of time, t, will 210Bi and 206Pb...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.56ECh. 20 - An interesting pair of consecutive reactions...Ch. 20 - Find limiting forms of equation 20.47 for a k1>>k2...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.59ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.60ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.61ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.62ECh. 20 - At room temperature (22C), the rate constant for...Ch. 20 - Recently, researchers studying the kinetics of...Ch. 20 - A reaction has k=1.771061/(Ms) at 25.0C and an...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.66ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.67ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.68ECh. 20 - Nitric oxide, NO, is known to break down ozone,...Ch. 20 - a Suggest a mechanism for the bromination of...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.71ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.72ECh. 20 - Determine a rate law for the chlorination of...Ch. 20 - Determine a rate law for the chlorination of...Ch. 20 - A proposed mechanism for the gas-phase...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.76ECh. 20 - The nitration of methanol, CH3OH, by nitrous acid...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.78ECh. 20 - Many gas-phase reactions require some inert body,...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.80ECh. 20 - Carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme whose substrate is...Ch. 20 - Show that another form of the Michaelis-Menten...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.83ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.84ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.85ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.86ECh. 20 - Pyrolysis involves heating compounds to break them...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.88ECh. 20 - Label the elementary processes for the reaction...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.90ECh. 20 - What are the rate laws of mechanisms 1 and 2 for...Ch. 20 - Estimate G for an elementary process whose rate...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.93ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.94ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.95ECh. 20 - For the following two reactions H+Cl2HCl+Cl...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.97ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.98ECh. 20 - Prob. 20.99ECh. 20 - Consider a reaction that has two parallel pathways...Ch. 20 - Consider a set of first-order consecutive...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.102E
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- Identifying the major species in weak acid or weak base equilibria The preparations of two aqueous solutions are described in the table below. For each solution, write the chemical formulas of the major species present at equilibrium. You can leave out water itself. Write the chemical formulas of the species that will act as acids in the 'acids' row, the formulas of the species that will act as bases in the 'bases' row, and the formulas of the species that will act as neither acids nor bases in the 'other' row. You will find it useful to keep in mind that HF is a weak acid. acids: 0.2 mol of KOH is added to 1.0 L of a 0.5 M HF solution. bases: Х other: ☐ acids: 0.10 mol of HI is added to 1.0 L of a solution that is 1.4M in both HF and NaF. bases: other: ☐ 0,0,... ด ? 18 Ararrow_forwardIdentifying the major species in weak acid or weak base equilibria The preparations of two aqueous solutions are described in the table below. For each solution, write the chemical formulas of the major species present at equilibrium. You can leave out water itself. Write the chemical formulas of the species that will act as acids in the 'acids' row, the formulas of the species that will act as bases in the 'bases' row, and the formulas of the species that will act as neither acids nor bases in the 'other' row. You will find it useful to keep in mind that NH3 is a weak base. acids: ☐ 1.8 mol of HCl is added to 1.0 L of a 1.0M NH3 bases: ☐ solution. other: ☐ 0.18 mol of HNO3 is added to 1.0 L of a solution that is 1.4M in both NH3 and NH₁Br. acids: bases: ☐ other: ☐ 0,0,... ? 000 18 Ar B 1arrow_forwardUsing reaction free energy to predict equilibrium composition Consider the following equilibrium: 2NH3 (g) = N2 (g) +3H₂ —N2 (g) AGº = 34. kJ Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 4.19 atm of ammonia (NH3) and 9.94 atm of nitrogen (N2) at 378. °C. Answer the following questions about this system: rise Under these conditions, will the pressure of NH 3 tend to rise or fall? ☐ x10 fall Х Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding H₂? In other words, if you said the pressure of NH 3 will tend to rise, can that be changed to a tendency to fall by adding H₂? Similarly, if you said the pressure of NH3 will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to rise by adding H₂? If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate the minimum pressure of H₂ needed to reverse it. Round your answer to 2 significant digits. yes no atm 00. 18 Ar 무ㅎ ?arrow_forward
- Identifying the major species in weak acid or weak base equilibria The preparations of two aqueous solutions are described in the table below. For each solution, write the chemical formulas of the major species present at equilibrium. You can leave out water itself. Write the chemical formulas of the species that will act as acids in the 'acids' row, the formulas of the species that will act as bases in the 'bases' row, and the formulas of the species that will act as neither acids nor bases in the 'other' row. You will find it useful to keep in mind that HF is a weak acid. 2.2 mol of NaOH is added to 1.0 L of a 1.4M HF solution. acids: П bases: Х other: ☐ ப acids: 0.51 mol of KOH is added to 1.0 L of a solution that is bases: 1.3M in both HF and NaF. other: ☐ 00. 18 Ararrow_forwardUsing reaction free energy to predict equilibrium composition Consider the following equilibrium: N2O4 (g) 2NO2 (g) AG⁰ = 5.4 kJ Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 1.68 atm of dinitrogen tetroxide (N204) at 148. °C. Answer the following questions about this system: rise Under these conditions, will the pressure of N2O4 tend to rise or fall? x10 fall Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding NO2? In other words, if you said the pressure of N2O4 will tend to rise, can that be changed to a tendency to fall by adding NO2? Similarly, if you said the pressure of N2O4 will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to rise by adding NO2? If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate the minimum pressure of NO 2 needed to reverse it. Round your answer to 2 significant digits. yes no 0.42 atm ☑ 5 0/5 ? مله Ararrow_forwardHomework 13 (Ch17) Question 4 of 4 (1 point) | Question Attempt: 2 of 2 ✓ 1 ✓ 2 = 3 4 Time Remaining: 4:25:54 Using the thermodynamic information in the ALEKS Data tab, calculate the standard reaction free energy of the following chemical reaction: 2CH3OH (g)+302 (g) → 2CO2 (g) + 4H₂O (g) Round your answer to zero decimal places. ☐ kJ x10 ☐ Subm Check 2020 Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Cearrow_forward
- Identifying the major species in weak acid or weak base equilibria Your answer is incorrect. • Row 2: Your answer is incorrect. • Row 3: Your answer is incorrect. • Row 6: Your answer is incorrect. 0/5 The preparations of two aqueous solutions are described in the table below. For each solution, write the chemical formulas of the major species present at equilibrium. You can leave out water itself. Write the chemical formulas of the species that will act as acids in the 'acids' row, the formulas of the species that will act as bases in the 'bases' row, and the formulas of the species that will act as neither acids nor bases in the 'other' row. You will find it useful to keep in mind that HF is a weak acid. acids: HF 0.1 mol of NaOH is added to 1.0 L of a 0.7M HF solution. bases: 0.13 mol of HCl is added to 1.0 L of a solution that is 1.0M in both HF and KF. Exponent other: F acids: HF bases: F other: K 1 0,0,... ? 000 18 Ararrow_forwardUsing reaction free energy to predict equilibrium composition Consider the following equilibrium: 2NOCI (g) 2NO (g) + Cl2 (g) AGº =41. kJ Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 4.50 atm of nitrosyl chloride (NOCI) and 6.38 atm of chlorine (C12) at 212. °C. Answer the following questions about this system: ? rise Under these conditions, will the pressure of NOCI tend to rise or fall? x10 fall Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding NO? In other words, if you said the pressure of NOCI will tend to rise, can that be changed to a tendency to fall by adding NO? Similarly, if you said the pressure of NOCI will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to rise by adding NO? yes no If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate the minimum pressure of NO needed to reverse it. Round your answer to 2 significant digits. 0.035 atm ✓ G 00. 18 Ararrow_forwardHighlight each glycosidic bond in the molecule below. Then answer the questions in the table under the drawing area. HO- HO- -0 OH OH HO NG HO- HO- OH OH OH OH NG OHarrow_forward
- € + Suppose the molecule in the drawing area below were reacted with H₂ over a platinum catalyst. Edit the molecule to show what would happen to it. That is, turn it into the product of the reaction. Also, write the name of the product molecule under the drawing area. Name: ☐ H C=0 X H- OH HO- H HO- -H CH₂OH ×arrow_forwardDraw the Haworth projection of the disaccharide made by joining D-glucose and D-mannose with a ẞ(1-4) glycosidic bond. If the disaccharide has more than one anomer, you can draw any of them. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Xarrow_forwardEpoxides can be opened in aqueous acid or aqueous base to produce diols (molecules with two OH groups). In this question, you'll explore the mechanism of epoxide opening in aqueous acid. 2nd attempt Be sure to show all four bonds at stereocenters using hash and wedge lines. 0 0 Draw curved arrows to show how the epoxide reacts with hydronium ion. 100 +1: 1st attempt Feedback Be sure to show all four bonds at stereocenters using hash and wedge lines. See Periodic Table See Hint H A 5 F F Hr See Periodic Table See Hintarrow_forward
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