Chapter 20, Problem 20.23P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn, and the major product for the same reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

An organometallic compound has a polar covalent $\text{C-M}$ bond. For example, the Grignard reagent $\left(\text{RMgX}\right)$ has a polar R-Mg bond; an alkyllithium $\left(\text{RLi}\right)$ has a polar covalent $\text{C-Li}$ bond. Since carbon is bonded with an electropositive element, carbon possesses the partial negative charge and acts as the nucleophile as well as the base. Thus it is used for the new $\text{C-C}$ bond formation with electrophilic carbon. The nucleophilic part $\left({\text{R}}^{-}\right)$ of the Grignard reagent shows a nucleophilic addition reaction with electrophilic carbon of the carbonyl compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn, and the major product for the same reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

An organometallic compound has a polar covalent $\text{C-M}$ bond. For example, the Grignard reagent $\left(\text{RMgX}\right)$ has a polar R-Mg bond; an alkyllithium $\left(\text{RLi}\right)$ has a polar covalent $\text{C-Li}$ bond. Since carbon is bonded with an electropositive element, carbon possesses the partial negative charge and acts as the nucleophile as well as the base. Thus it is used for the new $\text{C-C}$ bond formation with electrophilic carbon. The nucleophilic part $\left({\text{R}}^{-}\right)$ of the Grignard reagent shows a nucleophilic addition reaction with electrophilic carbon of the carbonyl compounds.