ELEMENTARY SURVEYING LL W/MASTERING ENGR
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134777481
Author: GHILANI
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 20, Problem 20.1P
To determine
Advantages of placing surveys on plane co-ordinate systems.
Expert Solution & Answer
Explanation of Solution
Following are the advantages of placing surveys on plane co-ordinate system:
- The determination of calculations that are necessary for geodetic positions taken from
survey observations are lengthy and tedious to work upon, and most of the practicing surveyors are not acquainted with these procedures so it’s easy to work with plane co-ordinate system as in order to get distances, azimuthfrom them by using simple coordinate geometrical formulae. - It’s such a projection that provides the datum for horizontal control lines with reference to a common datum in a large area as incase of geoid providing for vertical control via single common datum.
- The coordinates are available for all control points in the National Spatial Reference system (NSRS) and many other control points as well in plane coordinate system.
- These are widely used for reference points for commencing surveys of all types, encompassing those for highway construction projects, property boundary delineation, and photogrammetric mapping.
- It’s possible for extensive surveys on highway projects to begin on one control station and close on another that is tied to the same coordinate system.
- On boundary surveys, if a parcel’s corners are referenced to the state plane coordinate system, their locations are basically indestructible. The iron pipes, posts, or other monuments marking their positions may disappear, but their original locations can be restored from surveys initiated at other nearby monuments referenced to the state plane coordinate system or by GNSS surveys.
- It’s highly recommended for reference framing of entire maps and other data into land and GIS in order to make all the data referenced to a common system, which makes it easy to register and analyze.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!
Students have asked these similar questions
Following are the data of gauge and discharge collected at a particular section of the river by stream gauging operation.
Gauge reading
Discharge
Gauge reading
Discharge
(m)
(cms)
(m)
(cms)
7.65
15
8.48
170
7.70
30
8.98
400
7.77
57
9.30
600
7.80
39
9.50
800
7.90
60
89
10.50
1500
7.91
100
11.10
2000
8.08
150
11.70
2400
1. Develop a rating curve for this stream at this section for use in estimating the discharge for a known gauge reading and fit a
linear regression equation for use in estimation of stage for a known value of discharge. Use a value of 7.50 as the gauge
reading corresponding to zero discharge. (20 pts) Equation 1 arith
2. What is the coefficient of correlation of the derived relationship? (10 pts) R2² arith
Equation 2 log
R2 log
3. Determine the stage for a discharge of 3500 cms (5 pts)
4. Determine the discharge for a stage of 15 m (5 pts)
NB Do both arithmetic and logarithmic plots
Q2/ A (2m x 4 m) rectangular flexible foundation is placed above the ground
surface (G.S) for two layers of clay, each layer 10 m thick. The modulus of
Elasticity (E.) of the upper layer is 13 MN/m² and that of the lower layer is
15 MN/m². The Poisson ratio is (u, = 0.6) for the two layers. The pressure (stress) of
100 kN/m²is distributed along the surface of foundation. Determine the rigid
immediate settlement at the corner of the foundation using Elastic theory method?
Q1/ Find the maximum allowable load for a square foundation (3 m x 3 m) placed
vertically in cohesive soil? (Use Terzaghi equation)
Note:
Yt=Yeat=18 kN/m³
Depth of foundation = 1.5 m
Depth of water table below the ground surface = 0.8 m
Factor of safety 3
C=20
Yw = 10 kN/m³
=
No vertical or inclined loads
Chapter 20 Solutions
ELEMENTARY SURVEYING LL W/MASTERING ENGR
Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.1PCh. 20 - What are developable surfaces?Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.3PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.4PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.5PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.6PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.7PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.8PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.9PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.10P
Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.11PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.12PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.13PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.14PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.15PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.16PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.19PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.20PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.21PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.22PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.23PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.24PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.27PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.28PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.29PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.30PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.31PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.32PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.33PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.34PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.35PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.36PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.37PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.39PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.40PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.41PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.42PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.43PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.44PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.45PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.46P
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, civil-engineering and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- P.3.3 Oil of sp.gr. 0.9 flows through a vertical pipe (upwards). Two points A and B one above the other 40 cm apart in a pipe are connected by a U-tube carrying mercury. If the difference of pressure between A and B is 0.2 kg/cm², 1- Find the reading of the manometer. 2- If the oil flows through a horizontal pipe, find the reading in manometer for the same difference in pressure between A and B. Ans. 1- R= 0.12913 m, 2- R = 0.1575 m,arrow_forwardPlease solve the question by hand with a detailed explanation of the steps.arrow_forwardPlease solve the question by hand with a detailed explanation of the steps.arrow_forward
- P.3.4 A mercury U-tube manometer is used to measure the pressure drop across an orifice in pipe. If the liquid that flowing through the orifice is brine of sp.gr. 1.26 and upstream pressure is 2 psig and the downstream pressure is (10 in Hg) vacuum, find the reading of manometer. Ans. R=394 mm Hgarrow_forwardProject management questionarrow_forwardQ5/B with Explantion plsarrow_forward
- project management question Q5/Barrow_forwardProblem 1: Given: In a given floor system, a 5-in concrete slab supported by T-beams of 24-ft spans, supporting 354 psf live load. The T-beams are spaced 2x4 ft on center, and bw (width of the beam web) = 15 inches. Total T-beam height is 25 inches. f'c = 4,000psi, fy = 60,000psi. Design the T-beam. Show all steps. Sketch your Design. Problem 2: Given: A 25"x25" column is subject to a factored axial load of Pu=1,200 kips, and factored design moment of Mu-354 kips-ft. f'c 4,000psi, fy = 60,000psi. Determine the required steel ratio (p) and ties. Sketch the design. 2.0 0.08 INTERACTION DIAGRAM R4-60.9 fc-4 ksi 1.8 1,- 60 ksi 0.07 Y=0.9 16 1.6 0.06 Kmax 0.05 1.4 f/f, = 0 0.04 00 K₁ = P₁/f'c Ag 1.2 12 0.03 0.25 1.0 10 0.02 0.01 0.8 0.6 0.4 €,= 0.0035 0.2 €,= 0.0050 0.0 h yh 0.50 0.75 1.0. 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 R₁ = P₁e/f'Agharrow_forwardGiven: In a given floor system, a 5-in concrete slab supported by T-beams of 24-ft spans, supporting 354 psf live load. The T-beams are spaced 2x4 ft on center, and bw (width of the beam web) = 15 inches. Total T-beam height is 25 inches. f'c = 4,000psi, fy = 60,000psi. Design the T-beam. Show all steps. Sketch your Design.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Structural Analysis (10th Edition)Civil EngineeringISBN:9780134610672Author:Russell C. HibbelerPublisher:PEARSONPrinciples of Foundation Engineering (MindTap Cou...Civil EngineeringISBN:9781337705028Author:Braja M. Das, Nagaratnam SivakuganPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Fundamentals of Structural AnalysisCivil EngineeringISBN:9780073398006Author:Kenneth M. Leet Emeritus, Chia-Ming Uang, Joel LanningPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationTraffic and Highway EngineeringCivil EngineeringISBN:9781305156241Author:Garber, Nicholas J.Publisher:Cengage Learning
Structural Analysis (10th Edition)
Civil Engineering
ISBN:9780134610672
Author:Russell C. Hibbeler
Publisher:PEARSON
Principles of Foundation Engineering (MindTap Cou...
Civil Engineering
ISBN:9781337705028
Author:Braja M. Das, Nagaratnam Sivakugan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Fundamentals of Structural Analysis
Civil Engineering
ISBN:9780073398006
Author:Kenneth M. Leet Emeritus, Chia-Ming Uang, Joel Lanning
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Traffic and Highway Engineering
Civil Engineering
ISBN:9781305156241
Author:Garber, Nicholas J.
Publisher:Cengage Learning