Chapter 20, Problem 20.13P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Concentration of added standard has to be calculated for each solution.

Concept Introduction:

Formula to calculate ${\left[\text{S}\right]}_{\text{final}}$ in diluted solution is as follows:

  ${\left[\text{S}\right]}_{\text{final}}={\left[\text{S}\right]}_{\text{intial}}\left(\frac{V_{\text{S}}}{V}\right)$

Here,

$V$ is total volume obtained from sum of $V_{\text{S}}$ and $V_{\text{0}}$.

${\left[\text{S}\right]}_{\text{intial}}$ denotes initial concentration of standard.

${\left[\text{S}\right]}_{\text{final}}$ denotes final concentration of standard after unknown addition.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Graph has to be prepared to determine concentration of element X in unknown.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Uncertainty in concentration of X has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a)