Chapter 20, Problem 1P

Portland cement concrete consists of what four primary elements?

To determine

The four primary elements of Portland cement concrete.

Explanation of Solution

The four primary elements of Portland cement concrete are,

1. Portland Cement
Portland cement is produced by crushing and pulverizing a cautiously prepared mix

of limestone, marl, and clay and by burning all the mixture at a highest temperature

(about $\text{2800°F}$ ) to develop a clinker.

2. Coarse Aggregates
The coarse aggregates are used in Portland cement concrete are materials of inert that are not going to react with cement and normally are comprised of gravel, which is crushed, stone, or blast furnace slag.
3. Fine Aggregates
Sand is majorly used in the fine aggregate in Portland cement concrete. for this material the specifications usually include requirements of grading, cleanliness and soundness.
4. Water
The major water requirement stipulated is that the water used also should be capable fordrinking. This water is needed for the quantity of organic matter, acids, oil, and alkalis should not be higher than the allowable amount in drinking water.