Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134765037
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 20, Problem 16PS
Interpreting Data In a classic study, John Teal measured energy flow in a salt marsh ecosystem. The table below shows some of his results.
| Form of energy | Kcal/m2/yr | Efficiency of energy transfer (%) |
| Sunlight | 600,000 | n/a |
| Chemical energy in producers | 6,585 | |
| Chemical energy in primary consumers | 81 |
Data from: J.M. Teal, Energy Flow in the Salt Marsh Ecosystem of Georgia. Ecology 43: 614–24 (1962).
- a. Calculate the efficiency of energy transfer by the producers. That is, what percentage of the energy in sunlight was converted into chemical energy and incorporated into plant biomass?
- b. Calculate the efficiency of energy transfer by the primary consumers. What percentage of the energy in plant biomass was incorporated into the bodies of the primary consumers? What became of the rest of the energy (see Figure 20.27)?
- c. How much energy is available for secondary consumers? Based on the efficiency of energy transfer by primary consumers, estimate how much energy will be available to tertiary consumers.
- d. Draw an energy pyramid for the producers, primary consumers, and secondary consumers for this ecosystem (see Figure 20.28).
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Students have asked these similar questions
This conceptual model to the right shows the flow of
energy through a spring ecosystem in Silver Springs,
Florida from Figure 46.8 in your textbook.
7a. Which value/number on this diagram represents gross
primary productivity (GPP)? Express using the units
kcal/m?/yr.
Sunlight
1,700,000
kcalim?lyr
Primary producers
13,187
20,810
7,618
4,250
Primary consumers
7b. Which value/number represents net primary
productivity (NPP)? Express using the units kcal/m?/yr.
2,265
3,368
1,103
720
Secondary consumers
272
383
111
90
7c. What accounts for the difference in GPP and NPP?
Tertiary consumers
16
21
5
Decomposers
7d. What is the efficiency of energy transfer between the
primary producers and the primary consumers? Is this
more or less efficient than the transfer between a
5,060
5,060
Total heat and respiration
20,810
secondary consumer and tertiary consumer? Explain.
respiration + heat
to decomposers
This conceptual model to the right shows the flow of
energy through a spring ecosystem in Silver Springs,
Florida from Figure 46.8 in your textbook.
7a. Which value/number on this diagram represents gross
primary productivity (GPP)? Express using the units
kcal/m?/yr.
Sunlight
1,700,000
kcal/m?lyr
Primary producers
13,187
20,810
7,618
4,250
Primary consumers
7b. Which value/number represents net primary
productivity (NPP)? Express using the units kcal/m²/yr.
2,265
3,368
1,103
720
Secondary consumers
272
383
111
90
7c. What accounts for the difference in GPP and NPP?
Tertiary consumers
16
21
Decomposers
7d. What is the efficiency of energy transfer between the
primary producers and the primary consumers? Is this
more or less efficient than the transfer between a
secondary consumer and tertiary consumer? Explain.
5,060
5,060
Total heat and respiration
20,810
respiration + heat
to decomposers
AP Environmental Science
Primary Productivity Problems
Net Primary Productivity efficiency can be calculated for terrestrial producers when values for insolation energy, respiration loss and gross productivity are known. Use the equations below to answer the following problems:
Net Primary Productivity = Gross Productivity – Respiration Loss
Efficiency = . NPP . X 100
Insolation Energy
In a rice paddy in Southeast Asia, the insolation energy is 6,000,000 calories/m2/day. The gross productivity of the rice is 0.012 grams/cm2/day, and the respiration loss is 20 percent. One gram of rice is equivalent to 1000 calories.
Calculate the net primary productivity of the rice.
Find the efficiency of photosynthesis by the rice.
Could you mostly help me set it up and find it? So I can learn how to do it.
Chapter 20 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
Ch. 20 - Prob. 1SQCh. 20 - According to the concept of competitive exclusion,...Ch. 20 - Prob. 3SQCh. 20 - Prob. 4SQCh. 20 - Why are the top predators in food chains most...Ch. 20 - Over a period of many years, grass grows on a sand...Ch. 20 - According to the energy pyramid, why is eating...Ch. 20 - Local conditions, such as heavy rainfall or the...Ch. 20 - Prob. 9SQCh. 20 - Prob. 10SQ
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