Chapter 2, Problem 9SC

Which of the following statements regarding constipation is TRUE?A. Constipation is defined as having less than one bowel movement per day.B. Hyperthyroidism can contribute to constipation by slowing intestinal motility.C. Constipation occurs when waste remains in the intestines too long and/or too much water is reabsorbed from the feces.D. Sedentary lifestyle, stress & anxiety, or improper bowel habits (e.g. not heedingthe ‘call to defecate’) are all frequent causes of constipation that can be treated.E. Regardless of the cause of constipation, increasing the amount of fibre in the dietcan eliminate constipation by helping to retain more water in the stool.

Name some specific foods that might lead to increased LDL cholesterol in the bloodstream.

In rabbits and guinea pigs, prolonged fasting can cause:a.Enterotoxemiab.Endotoxemiac.Dextotoxemiad.Ectotoxemia

Which of the following might occur if a person suffers from a severecase of hepatitis that impairs liver function?a. Lipid digestion is difficult.b. By-products of hemoglobin breakdown accumulate in the blood.c. Plasma proteins decrease in concentration.d. Toxins in the blood increase.e. All of these occur.

The characteristics of vitamin P include the followings except: Select one: a. It increases the level of hyaluronidase which prevents the oxidation of ascorbic acid and adrenaline, as result it increases the strength of the blood vessels and capillaries b. It is related to flavonoids and phenolic compounds c. It decreases the capillary fragility and their permeability d. Vitamin P acts synergistically with ascorbic acid

Match the following: a. Stimulates milk production 1. Transport protein b. Controls carbohydrate mechanism 2. Structural protein c. Decreases urine production 3. Catalytic protein d. Hemoglobin belongs to this class 4. Storage protein e. Protein that acts as enzyme 5. Vasopressin f. Nerve impulse transmission 6. Insulin g. Keratin belongs to this class 7. Rhodopsin n. Gliadin and casein 8. Oxytocin

Which of the following is true? a. Non-Heme iron in plant foods is absorbed more efficiently than heme iron in animal foods b. Heme iron found in animal foods is absorbed more efficiently than non-heme iron in plant foods c. Heme iron found only in plant foods is absorbed more efficiently than non-heme iron found in animal food d.Both heme and non-heme iron are absorbed with similar efficiency

b) Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) is the major carrier of cholesterol in the blood. Whereas the levels of LDL and modified LDL forms in the plasma are important predictive markers to gauge the risk of cardiovascular events. There is a need to develop reliable rapid assays for quantifying LDL and its modified forms, such as, the biosensors. iv. Friedewald equation is an indirect method, used to estimate LDL from the measurement of total cholesterol. What are two main limitations of using this equation? Suggest another method as an alternative to the Friedewald calculation. V. vi. List two advantages of the method that you have suggested in 2b (v).

Answer these questions that pertain to animal nutrition: a. Explain the effect of management and sanitation on the magnitude of response to a feed additive.  b. Why is measuring ileal digestibility of amino acids a better measure of AA utilization than measuring total tract digestibility?