Molecular formula of the given formula has to be written. Concept Introduction: Molecular formula shows that the actual number of atoms of each element that are present in a molecule of the compound.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 64IP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Molecular formula of the given formula has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Molecular formula shows that the actual number of atoms of each element that are present in a molecule of the compound.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Number of sp3 hybridized carbon atoms that are present in this given structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ -bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom is sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom is sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom is sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Number of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms that are present in this given structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ -bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom is sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom is sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom is sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Number of sp hybridized carbon atoms that are present in this given structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ -bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom is sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom is sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom is sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The lone pair of electrons present in the given structure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The unshared electrons of an atom that does not involve in bonding are called lone pair.

Steps to determine the lone of pair of electrons,

Appropriate valence electron has to be known.

The actual number of valence electrons exhibited by the atom has to be known.

Count the number of bonds and assign the number of lone pair.

A formal charge (FC) is the charge assigned to an atom in a molecule, irrespective of relative electronegativity by thinking that electrons in all chemical bonds are shared equally among atoms. Electrons can be tracked by formal charge.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The lone pair of electrons on nitrogen is delocalized or not has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The unshared electrons of an atom that does not involve in bonding are called lone pair.

Steps to determine the lone of pair of electrons,

Appropriate valence electron has to be known.

The actual number of valence electrons exhibited by the atom has to be known.

Count the number of bonds and assign the number of lone pair.

A formal charge (FC) is the charge assigned to an atom in a molecule, irrespective of relative electronegativity by thinking that electrons in all chemical bonds are shared equally among atoms. Electrons can be tracked by formal charge.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Geometry of the atoms except hydrogen has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ -bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom is sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom is sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom is sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

sp3 hybridized =    tetrahedral.

  trigonal pyramidal(if one lone pair of electron is present).

  bent geometry (if two lone pair of electrons are present).

sp2 hybridized =    trigonal planar.

sp hybridized =    linear

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The resonance structures of cycloserine have to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The unshared electrons of an atom that does not involve in bonding are called lone pair.

Curved arrows are necessary in drawing the resonance structure.

Curved arrows has a head indicating that the electrons are coming and tail indicating that the electrons are going.

The two rules in drawing the resonance structure is,

Breaking of single bond is not allowed.

Never exceed an octet for second row elements.

When a single Lewis structure does not represent a structure adequately, the true structure is the intermediate between the two or more structure referred to as resonance structure.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 64IP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Molecular formula of the given formula has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Molecular formula shows that the actual number of atoms of each element that are present in a molecule of the compound.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Number of sp3 hybridized carbon atoms that are present in this given structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ -bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom is sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom is sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom is sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Number of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms that are present in this given structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ -bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom is sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom is sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom is sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Number of sp hybridized carbon atoms that are present in this given structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ -bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom is sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom is sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom is sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The lone pair of electrons present in the given structure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The unshared electrons of an atom that does not involve in bonding are called lone pair.

Steps to determine the lone of pair of electrons,

Appropriate valence electron has to be known.

The actual number of valence electrons exhibited by the atom has to be known.

Count the number of bonds and assign the number of lone pair.

A formal charge (FC) is the charge assigned to an atom in a molecule, irrespective of relative electronegativity by thinking that electrons in all chemical bonds are shared equally among atoms. Electrons can be tracked by formal charge.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The lone pair of electrons on nitrogen is delocalized or not has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The unshared electrons of an atom that does not involve in bonding are called lone pair.

Steps to determine the lone of pair of electrons,

Appropriate valence electron has to be known.

The actual number of valence electrons exhibited by the atom has to be known.

Count the number of bonds and assign the number of lone pair.

A formal charge (FC) is the charge assigned to an atom in a molecule, irrespective of relative electronegativity by thinking that electrons in all chemical bonds are shared equally among atoms. Electrons can be tracked by formal charge.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Geometry of the atoms except hydrogen has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ -bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom is sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom is sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom is sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

sp3 hybridized =    tetrahedral.

  trigonal pyramidal(if one lone pair of electron is present).

  bent geometry (if two lone pair of electrons are present).

sp2 hybridized =    trigonal planar.

sp hybridized =    linear

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The resonance structures of cycloserine have to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The unshared electrons of an atom that does not involve in bonding are called lone pair.

Curved arrows are necessary in drawing the resonance structure.

Curved arrows has a head indicating that the electrons are coming and tail indicating that the electrons are going.

The two rules in drawing the resonance structure is,

Breaking of single bond is not allowed.

Never exceed an octet for second row elements.

When a single Lewis structure does not represent a structure adequately, the true structure is the intermediate between the two or more structure referred to as resonance structure.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 64IP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Molecular formula of the given formula has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Molecular formula shows that the actual number of atoms of each element that are present in a molecule of the compound.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Number of sp3 hybridized carbon atoms that are present in this given structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ -bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom is sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom is sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom is sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Number of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms that are present in this given structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ -bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom is sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom is sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom is sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Number of sp hybridized carbon atoms that are present in this given structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ -bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom is sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom is sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom is sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The lone pair of electrons present in the given structure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The unshared electrons of an atom that does not involve in bonding are called lone pair.

Steps to determine the lone of pair of electrons,

Appropriate valence electron has to be known.

The actual number of valence electrons exhibited by the atom has to be known.

Count the number of bonds and assign the number of lone pair.

A formal charge (FC) is the charge assigned to an atom in a molecule, irrespective of relative electronegativity by thinking that electrons in all chemical bonds are shared equally among atoms. Electrons can be tracked by formal charge.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The lone pair of electrons on nitrogen is delocalized or not has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The unshared electrons of an atom that does not involve in bonding are called lone pair.

Steps to determine the lone of pair of electrons,

Appropriate valence electron has to be known.

The actual number of valence electrons exhibited by the atom has to be known.

Count the number of bonds and assign the number of lone pair.

A formal charge (FC) is the charge assigned to an atom in a molecule, irrespective of relative electronegativity by thinking that electrons in all chemical bonds are shared equally among atoms. Electrons can be tracked by formal charge.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Geometry of the atoms except hydrogen has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ -bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom is sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom is sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom is sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

sp3 hybridized =    tetrahedral.

  trigonal pyramidal(if one lone pair of electron is present).

  bent geometry (if two lone pair of electrons are present).

sp2 hybridized =    trigonal planar.

sp hybridized =    linear

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The resonance structures of cycloserine have to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The unshared electrons of an atom that does not involve in bonding are called lone pair.

Curved arrows are necessary in drawing the resonance structure.

Curved arrows has a head indicating that the electrons are coming and tail indicating that the electrons are going.

The two rules in drawing the resonance structure is,

Breaking of single bond is not allowed.

Never exceed an octet for second row elements.

When a single Lewis structure does not represent a structure adequately, the true structure is the intermediate between the two or more structure referred to as resonance structure.

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 64IP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Molecular formula of the given formula has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Molecular formula shows that the actual number of atoms of each element that are present in a molecule of the compound.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Number of sp3 hybridized carbon atoms that are present in this given structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ -bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom is sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom is sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom is sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Number of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms that are present in this given structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ -bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom is sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom is sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom is sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Number of sp hybridized carbon atoms that are present in this given structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ -bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom is sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom is sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom is sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The lone pair of electrons present in the given structure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The unshared electrons of an atom that does not involve in bonding are called lone pair.

Steps to determine the lone of pair of electrons,

Appropriate valence electron has to be known.

The actual number of valence electrons exhibited by the atom has to be known.

Count the number of bonds and assign the number of lone pair.

A formal charge (FC) is the charge assigned to an atom in a molecule, irrespective of relative electronegativity by thinking that electrons in all chemical bonds are shared equally among atoms. Electrons can be tracked by formal charge.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The lone pair of electrons on nitrogen is delocalized or not has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The unshared electrons of an atom that does not involve in bonding are called lone pair.

Steps to determine the lone of pair of electrons,

Appropriate valence electron has to be known.

The actual number of valence electrons exhibited by the atom has to be known.

Count the number of bonds and assign the number of lone pair.

A formal charge (FC) is the charge assigned to an atom in a molecule, irrespective of relative electronegativity by thinking that electrons in all chemical bonds are shared equally among atoms. Electrons can be tracked by formal charge.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Geometry of the atoms except hydrogen has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ -bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom is sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom is sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom is sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

sp3 hybridized =    tetrahedral.

  trigonal pyramidal(if one lone pair of electron is present).

  bent geometry (if two lone pair of electrons are present).

sp2 hybridized =    trigonal planar.

sp hybridized =    linear

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The resonance structures of cycloserine have to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The unshared electrons of an atom that does not involve in bonding are called lone pair.

Curved arrows are necessary in drawing the resonance structure.

Curved arrows has a head indicating that the electrons are coming and tail indicating that the electrons are going.

The two rules in drawing the resonance structure is,

Breaking of single bond is not allowed.

Never exceed an octet for second row elements.

When a single Lewis structure does not represent a structure adequately, the true structure is the intermediate between the two or more structure referred to as resonance structure.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 2, Problem 64IP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Molecular formula of the given formula has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Molecular formula shows that the actual number of atoms of each element that are present in a molecule of the compound.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Number of sp3 hybridized carbon atoms that are present in this given structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ -bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom is sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom is sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom is sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Number of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms that are present in this given structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ -bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom is sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom is sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom is sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Number of sp hybridized carbon atoms that are present in this given structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ -bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom is sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom is sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom is sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The lone pair of electrons present in the given structure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The unshared electrons of an atom that does not involve in bonding are called lone pair.

Steps to determine the lone of pair of electrons,

Appropriate valence electron has to be known.

The actual number of valence electrons exhibited by the atom has to be known.

Count the number of bonds and assign the number of lone pair.

A formal charge (FC) is the charge assigned to an atom in a molecule, irrespective of relative electronegativity by thinking that electrons in all chemical bonds are shared equally among atoms. Electrons can be tracked by formal charge.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The lone pair of electrons on nitrogen is delocalized or not has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The unshared electrons of an atom that does not involve in bonding are called lone pair.

Steps to determine the lone of pair of electrons,

Appropriate valence electron has to be known.

The actual number of valence electrons exhibited by the atom has to be known.

Count the number of bonds and assign the number of lone pair.

A formal charge (FC) is the charge assigned to an atom in a molecule, irrespective of relative electronegativity by thinking that electrons in all chemical bonds are shared equally among atoms. Electrons can be tracked by formal charge.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Geometry of the atoms except hydrogen has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ -bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom is sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom is sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom is sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

sp3 hybridized =    tetrahedral.

  trigonal pyramidal(if one lone pair of electron is present).

  bent geometry (if two lone pair of electrons are present).

sp2 hybridized =    trigonal planar.

sp hybridized =    linear

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The resonance structures of cycloserine have to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The unshared electrons of an atom that does not involve in bonding are called lone pair.

Curved arrows are necessary in drawing the resonance structure.

Curved arrows has a head indicating that the electrons are coming and tail indicating that the electrons are going.

The two rules in drawing the resonance structure is,

Breaking of single bond is not allowed.

Never exceed an octet for second row elements.

When a single Lewis structure does not represent a structure adequately, the true structure is the intermediate between the two or more structure referred to as resonance structure.

Answer 6

Chapter 2, Problem 64IP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Molecular formula of the given formula has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Molecular formula shows that the actual number of atoms of each element that are present in a molecule of the compound.

Answer 7

Chapter 2, Problem 64IP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Molecular formula of the given formula has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Molecular formula shows that the actual number of atoms of each element that are present in a molecule of the compound.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Number of sp3 hybridized carbon atoms that are present in this given structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ -bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom is sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom is sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom is sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Number of sp3 hybridized carbon atoms that are present in this given structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ -bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom is sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom is sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom is sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Number of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms that are present in this given structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ -bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom is sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom is sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom is sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Number of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms that are present in this given structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ -bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom is sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom is sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom is sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Number of sp hybridized carbon atoms that are present in this given structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ -bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom is sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom is sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom is sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Number of sp hybridized carbon atoms that are present in this given structure has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ -bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom is sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom is sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom is sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The lone pair of electrons present in the given structure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The unshared electrons of an atom that does not involve in bonding are called lone pair.

Steps to determine the lone of pair of electrons,

Appropriate valence electron has to be known.

The actual number of valence electrons exhibited by the atom has to be known.

Count the number of bonds and assign the number of lone pair.

A formal charge (FC) is the charge assigned to an atom in a molecule, irrespective of relative electronegativity by thinking that electrons in all chemical bonds are shared equally among atoms. Electrons can be tracked by formal charge.

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The lone pair of electrons present in the given structure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The unshared electrons of an atom that does not involve in bonding are called lone pair.

Steps to determine the lone of pair of electrons,

Appropriate valence electron has to be known.

The actual number of valence electrons exhibited by the atom has to be known.

Count the number of bonds and assign the number of lone pair.

A formal charge (FC) is the charge assigned to an atom in a molecule, irrespective of relative electronegativity by thinking that electrons in all chemical bonds are shared equally among atoms. Electrons can be tracked by formal charge.

Answer 16

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The lone pair of electrons on nitrogen is delocalized or not has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The unshared electrons of an atom that does not involve in bonding are called lone pair.

Steps to determine the lone of pair of electrons,

Appropriate valence electron has to be known.

The actual number of valence electrons exhibited by the atom has to be known.

Count the number of bonds and assign the number of lone pair.

A formal charge (FC) is the charge assigned to an atom in a molecule, irrespective of relative electronegativity by thinking that electrons in all chemical bonds are shared equally among atoms. Electrons can be tracked by formal charge.

Answer 17

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The lone pair of electrons on nitrogen is delocalized or not has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The unshared electrons of an atom that does not involve in bonding are called lone pair.

Steps to determine the lone of pair of electrons,

Appropriate valence electron has to be known.

The actual number of valence electrons exhibited by the atom has to be known.

Count the number of bonds and assign the number of lone pair.

A formal charge (FC) is the charge assigned to an atom in a molecule, irrespective of relative electronegativity by thinking that electrons in all chemical bonds are shared equally among atoms. Electrons can be tracked by formal charge.

Answer 18

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Geometry of the atoms except hydrogen has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ -bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom is sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom is sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom is sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

sp3 hybridized =    tetrahedral.

  trigonal pyramidal(if one lone pair of electron is present).

  bent geometry (if two lone pair of electrons are present).

sp2 hybridized =    trigonal planar.

sp hybridized =    linear

Answer 19

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Geometry of the atoms except hydrogen has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ -bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom is sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom is sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom is sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

sp3 hybridized =    tetrahedral.

  trigonal pyramidal(if one lone pair of electron is present).

  bent geometry (if two lone pair of electrons are present).

sp2 hybridized =    trigonal planar.

sp hybridized =    linear

Answer 20

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The resonance structures of cycloserine have to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The unshared electrons of an atom that does not involve in bonding are called lone pair.

Curved arrows are necessary in drawing the resonance structure.

Curved arrows has a head indicating that the electrons are coming and tail indicating that the electrons are going.

The two rules in drawing the resonance structure is,

Breaking of single bond is not allowed.

Never exceed an octet for second row elements.

When a single Lewis structure does not represent a structure adequately, the true structure is the intermediate between the two or more structure referred to as resonance structure.

Answer 21

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The resonance structures of cycloserine have to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The unshared electrons of an atom that does not involve in bonding are called lone pair.

Curved arrows are necessary in drawing the resonance structure.

Curved arrows has a head indicating that the electrons are coming and tail indicating that the electrons are going.

The two rules in drawing the resonance structure is,

Breaking of single bond is not allowed.

Never exceed an octet for second row elements.

When a single Lewis structure does not represent a structure adequately, the true structure is the intermediate between the two or more structure referred to as resonance structure.

Answer 22

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 23

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 24

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Answer 25

Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 1LTS Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 1PTS Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 2ATS Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 2LTS Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 3PTS Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 4ATS Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 3LTS Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 5PTS Ch. 2.2 - Certain compounds that are alternatives to fossil...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 7CC

Molecular formula of the given formula has to be written. Concept Introduction: Molecular formula shows that the actual number of atoms of each element that are present in a molecule of the compound.

Videos

Interpretation:

Molecular formula of the given formula has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Molecular formula shows that the actual number of atoms of each element that are present in a molecule of the compound.

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 2 Solutions

Molecular formula of the given formula has to be written. Concept Introduction: Molecular formula shows that the actual number of atoms of each element that are present in a molecule of the compound.

Videos

Interpretation: Molecular formula of the given formula has to be written. Concept Introduction: Molecular formula shows that the actual number of atoms of each element that are present in a molecule of the compound.

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 2 Solutions

Interpretation:

Molecular formula of the given formula has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Molecular formula shows that the actual number of atoms of each element that are present in a molecule of the compound.