Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134093413
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 2, Problem 5TYU
Which of the following statements correctly describes any
- (A) The concentrations of products and reactants are equal.
- (B) The reaction is now irreversible.
- (C) Both forward and reverse reactions have halted.
- (D) The rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal.
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The following equation, which represents the oxidative breakdown of glucose by body cells, is a reversible reaction. Glucose + oxygen S carbon dioxide + water + ATP (a) How can you indicate that the reaction is reversible? (b) Howcan you indicate that the reaction is in chemical equilibrium? (c) Define chemical equilibrium.
Label the following statements true or false:
(a) A reaction is said to be spontaneous when it can proceed in either the forward or reverse direction.
(b) A spontaneous process always happens very quickly.
Label the following statements true or false: (c) A nonspontaneous reaction will proceed spontaneously in the reverse direction. (d) A spontaneous process can occur with a large decrease in entropy.
Chapter 2 Solutions
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
Ch. 2.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Explain how table salt has...Ch. 2.1 - Is a trace element an essential element? Explain.Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 2.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Explain how natural selection...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 2.2 - A nitrogen atom has 7 protons, and the most common...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 2.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 2.3 - Why does the structure H C = C H fail to make...Ch. 2.3 - What holds the atoms together in a crystal of...
Ch. 2.3 - What holds the atoms together in a crystal of...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 2.4 - Which type of chemical reaction, if any, occurs...Ch. 2.4 - WHAT IF? Write an equation that uses the products...Ch. 2 - Compare an element and a Compound.Ch. 2 - DRAW IT Draw the electron distribution diagrams...Ch. 2 - In terms of electron sharing between atoms,...Ch. 2 - What would happen to the concentration of products...Ch. 2 - Level 1: Knowledge/Comprehension 1. In the term...Ch. 2 - Compared with 31P, the radioactive isotope 32P has...Ch. 2 - The reactivity of an atom arises from (A) the...Ch. 2 - Which Statement is true of all atoms that are...Ch. 2 - Which of the following statements correctly...Ch. 2 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 2 - The atomic number of sulfur is 16. Sulfur combines...Ch. 2 - What coefficients must be placed in the following...Ch. 2 - DRAW IT Draw Lewis dot structures for each...Ch. 2 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION The percentages of naturally...Ch. 2 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Female luna moths (Actias luna)...Ch. 2 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 2 - Prob. 13TYU
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- (1) Label the following statements as true or false and briefly explain your answer: (a) A spontaneous process always happens very quickly. (b) A spontaneous process can occur with a large decrease in entropy. (2) Consider a reaction with DH = 3.6 kcal/mole and DS = 11.9 cal/(mol*K). Is the reaction spontaneous (a) @ 10 °C and (b) @ 80 °C? Show your work. (3) Calculate the DG for the reaction A + B C+ D at 25 °C when the equilibrium concentrations are [A] = 10 mM, [B] = 15 mM, [C] = 3 mM, and [D] = 5 mM. What is the DG for this reaction? Is the reaction exergonic or endergonic under standard conditions? Show your work. (4) Using a chemical drawing program (e.g. ChemSketch or Marvin Sketch), please illustrate an example of 2 reducing and 2 non-reducing sugars. Be sure to indicate the REDUCING END of the 2 reducing sugars (NOTE: most programs include templates with the hexoses and pentoses pre-drawn, feel free to use these templates). (5) There are several qualitative chemical tests…arrow_forwardAn enzyme accelerates chemical reactions by all of the following, EXCEPT: a) Bringing reactants close together b) Shifting equilibrium to favor the products c) Adding temporary charges to substrates d) Orienting chemical bonds for best reactivity e) Straining chemical bonds that will be brokenarrow_forwardAn exergonic reaction has which of the following properties? A) The △G is negative and the reaction is spontaneous. B) The △G is negative and the reaction is non-spontaneous. C) The △G is positive and the reaction is spontaneous.arrow_forward
- Enzymes are organic catalysts that (a) alter the direction in which a chemical reaction proceeds, (b) determine the nature of the products of a reaction, (c) increase the speed of a chemical reaction, (d) are essential raw materials for a chemical reaction that are converted into some of its products.arrow_forwardFrom the point of view of the molecules involved, which of the following reactions illustrates an increase in entropy ? a) formation of phosphodiester bonds b) polymerization c) formation of glycosidic bonds d) condensation e) hydrolysisarrow_forwardenzymes are efficient catalysts because they can do which of the following? A) catalyze reactions that ottherwise would not occur. B) decrease the free energy of activation of reactions, C) decrease the standard free energy change o reactions , D) prevent the conversion of product to substrate, E) shift the equilibrium of reactions toward more complete inversion of productarrow_forward
- Select the best answer or answers from the choices given: Factors that accelerate the rate of chemical reactions include all but (a) the presence of catalysts, (b) increasing the temperature, (c) increasing the particle size, (d) increasing the concentration of the reactants.arrow_forwardBalance each of the following redox reactions occurring in acidic solution. Part A VO2 (aq) +ClO2 (aq) →VO2+(aq) + ClO2(g) Express your answer as a chemical equation. Identify all of the phases in your answer. = ΑΣΦ ? A chemical reaction does not occur for this question. You have already submitted this answer. Enter a new answer. No credit lost. Try again.arrow_forwardA chemical reaction has a △G of -14 kcal/mol. Adding an enzyme has been shown to increase the reaction 10-fold. What would be the △G of the reaction when that enzyme is added? A) -1.4 kcal/mol B) -14 kcal/mol C) +14 kcal/mol D) -140 kcal/molarrow_forward
- Choose the best description of an enzyme: (a) It allows a chemical reaction to proceed extremely fast. (b) It increases the rate at which a chemical reaction approaches equilibrium relative to its uncatalyzed rate. (c) It makes a reaction thermodynamically favorable.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statement regarding enzymes is false? a.) they speed up reaction rates b.) they work within narrow temperature and pH ranges c.) The active site binds the substarate d.) They are consumed in the reactions they catalyzearrow_forwardWhich of the following is true about enzymes. a) Enzymes are catalysts and they increase the rate of a reaction while they are not altered by the reaction. b) Enzymes are proteins that can be denatured by changes in pH or temperature. c) Enzymes are highly specific for the substrates they react with and catalyze only one or a limited set of possible reactions with those substrates. d) All of these are true about enzymes e) None of these are true about enzymesarrow_forward
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