Chapter 2, Problem 51PS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formulas of the given ionic compounds are needed to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ionic compounds are formed by electrostatic attraction between ions such as monoatomic ions and polyatomic ions; in which positively charged ions is known as cations and negatively charged ions are known as anions.

Naming of ions:

Positive ions (cations) are named as metal name, example: aluminum for aluminum cation.

But, for the transition metals the ionic charge also included by roman numerals with the naming of compound. The polyatomic cation $N{H}_4{}^{+}$ is named as ammonium cation.

Negative ions (anions) are named by adding ‘ide’ to the stem of the nonmetal element from which the anion is formed, example: chloride, bromide, etc. in case of poly anions, the oxoanions series is named by checking the number of oxygen atom is present in it. If the oxoanion is having greater number of oxygen, then suffix will be ‘ate’. If the number of oxygen atom is less, then the suffix will be ‘ite’. And if the oxoanio is having more than elements, then prefix will be added as ‘per’ with suffix ‘ate’ ions and ‘hypo’ with suffix ‘ite’ of the oxoanions. The hydrogen containing oxoanions are named by adding ‘hydrogen’ before the name of anion part.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formulas of the given ionic compounds are needed to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ionic compounds are formed by electrostatic attraction between ions such as monoatomic ions and polyatomic ions; in which positively charged ions is known as cations and negatively charged ions are known as anions.

Naming of ions:

Positive ions (cations) are named as metal name, example: aluminum for aluminum cation.

But, for the transition metals the ionic charge also included by roman numerals with the naming of compound. The polyatomic cation $N{H}_4{}^{+}$ is named as ammonium cation.

Negative ions (anions) are named by adding ‘ide’ to the stem of the nonmetal element from which the anion is formed, example: chloride, bromide, etc. in case of poly anions, the oxoanions series is named by checking the number of oxygen atom is present in it. If the oxoanion is having greater number of oxygen, then suffix will be ‘ate’. If the number of oxygen atom is less, then the suffix will be ‘ite’. And if the oxoanio is having more than elements, then prefix will be added as ‘per’ with suffix ‘ate’ ions and ‘hypo’ with suffix ‘ite’ of the oxoanions. The hydrogen containing oxoanions are named by adding ‘hydrogen’ before the name of anion part.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formulas of the given ionic compounds are needed to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ionic compounds are formed by electrostatic attraction between ions such as monoatomic ions and polyatomic ions; in which positively charged ions is known as cations and negatively charged ions are known as anions.

Naming of ions:

Positive ions (cations) are named as metal name, example: aluminum for aluminum cation.

But, for the transition metals the ionic charge also included by roman numerals with the naming of compound. The polyatomic cation $N{H}_4{}^{+}$ is named as ammonium cation.

Negative ions (anions) are named by adding ‘ide’ to the stem of the nonmetal element from which the anion is formed, example: chloride, bromide, etc. in case of poly anions, the oxoanions series is named by checking the number of oxygen atom is present in it. If the oxoanion is having greater number of oxygen, then suffix will be ‘ate’. If the number of oxygen atom is less, then the suffix will be ‘ite’. And if the oxoanio is having more than elements, then prefix will be added as ‘per’ with suffix ‘ate’ ions and ‘hypo’ with suffix ‘ite’ of the oxoanions. The hydrogen containing oxoanions are named by adding ‘hydrogen’ before the name of anion part.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formulas of the given ionic compounds are needed to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ionic compounds are formed by electrostatic attraction between ions such as monoatomic ions and polyatomic ions; in which positively charged ions is known as cations and negatively charged ions are known as anions.

Naming of ions:

Positive ions (cations) are named as metal name, example: aluminum for aluminum cation.

But, for the transition metals the ionic charge also included by roman numerals with the naming of compound. The polyatomic cation $N{H}_4{}^{+}$ is named as ammonium cation.

Negative ions (anions) are named by adding ‘ide’ to the stem of the nonmetal element from which the anion is formed, example: chloride, bromide, etc. in case of poly anions, the oxoanions series is named by checking the number of oxygen atom is present in it. If the oxoanion is having greater number of oxygen, then suffix will be ‘ate’. If the number of oxygen atom is less, then the suffix will be ‘ite’. And if the oxoanio is having more than elements, then prefix will be added as ‘per’ with suffix ‘ate’ ions and ‘hypo’ with suffix ‘ite’ of the oxoanions. The hydrogen containing oxoanions are named by adding ‘hydrogen’ before the name of anion part.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formulas of the given ionic compounds are needed to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ionic compounds are formed by electrostatic attraction between ions such as monoatomic ions and polyatomic ions; in which positively charged ions is known as cations and negatively charged ions are known as anions.

Naming of ions:

Positive ions (cations) are named as metal name, example: aluminum for aluminum cation.

But, for the transition metals the ionic charge also included by roman numerals with the naming of compound. The polyatomic cation $N{H}_4{}^{+}$ is named as ammonium cation.

Negative ions (anions) are named by adding ‘ide’ to the stem of the nonmetal element from which the anion is formed, example: chloride, bromide, etc. in case of poly anions, the oxoanions series is named by checking the number of oxygen atom is present in it. If the oxoanion is having greater number of oxygen, then suffix will be ‘ate’. If the number of oxygen atom is less, then the suffix will be ‘ite’. And if the oxoanio is having more than elements, then prefix will be added as ‘per’ with suffix ‘ate’ ions and ‘hypo’ with suffix ‘ite’ of the oxoanions. The hydrogen containing oxoanions are named by adding ‘hydrogen’ before the name of anion part.